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Anatomy and Physiology > Brain & Brain stem > Flashcards

Brain & Brain stem Flashcards

1
Q

4 major regions of the brain

A
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • diencephalon
  • cerebrum
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2
Q

connects the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain, consists of medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

A

brainstem

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3
Q

most inferior portion of the brainstem and is continuous with the spinal chord, specific functions:

  • regulation of heart rate
  • blood vessel diameter
  • breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, etc.
A

medulla oblongata

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4
Q

two prominent enlargements on the anterior surface that extends the medulla oblongata

A

pyramids

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5
Q

immediately superior to the medulla oblongata, functional bridge between cerebrum & cerebellum functions such as chewing and salivation

A

pons

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6
Q

superior to the pons, the smallest region of the brainstem

A

midbrain

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7
Q

dorsal part of the midbrain consists of four monds called the _______

A

colliculi

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8
Q

a black nuclear mass contain in the midbrain

A

substantia nigra

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9
Q

scattered throughout the brainstem is a group of nuclei collection called ________

A

reticular formation

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10
Q

attached through the brainstem by several large connections called cerebral peduncles involved in maintaining balance, muscle tone and coordinating fine motor movement

A

cerebellum

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11
Q

part of the brain between the brainstem and the cerebrum, consist of thalamus, epithalamus and hypothalamus

A

diencephalon

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12
Q

largest part of diencephalon, shaped like a yo-o

A

thalamus

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13
Q

small area superior and posterior to the thalamus

A

epithalamus

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14
Q

endocrine gland that may influence the onset of puberty

A

pineal gland

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15
Q

most inferior part of the diencephalon, role:

  • control body temperature
  • hunger & thirst, sensations
A

hypothalamus

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16
Q

extends from the floor of the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

A

infundibilum

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17
Q

largest part of the brain

A

cerebrum

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18
Q

divides the cerebrum into left & right hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissures

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19
Q

numerous folds on the surface of hemisphere

A

gyri

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20
Q

intervening grooves

A

sulci

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21
Q

in the control of voluntary motor functions, olfactory reception (smell)

A

frontal lobe

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22
Q

sensory information

A

parietal lobe

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23
Q

separates the frontal and parietal lobes

A

central sulcus

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24
Q

visual input

A

occipital lobe

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25
Q

olfactory (smell), auditory (hearing) sensations and memory

A

temporal lobe

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26
Q

separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the cerebrum

A

lateral fissures

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27
Q

deep within the fissure is the ______often referred to as the 5th lobe

A

insula

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28
Q

gray matter on outer surface of cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex

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29
Q

white matter of the brain between the cortex & and nuclei

A

cerebral medulla

30
Q

connect areas of cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere

A

association fibers

31
Q

connect one cerebral hemisphere to the other hemisphere

A

commisural fibers

32
Q

largest bundle of commisural fibers

A

corpus callosum

33
Q

connect the cerebrum to the other parts of the brain and spinal chord

A

projection fibers

34
Q

3 stages of memory:

A
  • working memory -secs to mins
  • short-term memory -longer than working , mins to few days
  • long-term memory -consolidation, new and stronger synaptic connection
35
Q

retention of facts emotions and mood

A

declarative memory

36
Q

development of motor skills

A

procedural memory

37
Q

memory traces

A

memory engrams

38
Q

ascend to the head along the anterior lateral part of neck

A

internal carotid arteries

39
Q

ascend along the posterior part of the neck , enter through foramen magnum

A

vertebral arteries

40
Q

formed by vertebral arteries , lies on the ventral surface of pons

A

basilar artery

41
Q

formed by basilar artery & internal carotid arteries

A

cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)

42
Q

surround and protect the brain

A

meninges

43
Q

most superficial and thickest of the meninges

A

dura mater

44
Q

bleeding/damage to the vains crossing cerebral cortex & dural venous sinuses

A

subdural hematoma

45
Q

space between dura mater & the vertebrae

A

epidural space

46
Q

2nd meningeal membrane, very thin, wispy

A

arachnoid mater

47
Q

space between dura & arachnoid mater

A

subdural space

48
Q

3rd meningeal membrane, tightly bound to surface of brain & spinal cord

A

pia mater

49
Q

between the arachnoid & pia mater, contains small amount of serous fluid

A

subarachnoid space

50
Q

fluid-filled cavities in the CNS

A

ventricles

51
Q

large cavity in the cerebral hemisphere

A

lateral ventricles

52
Q

smaller, midline cavity located in the center of diencephalon between 2 halves of thalamus & connected by foramina to lateral ventricles

A

third ventricle

53
Q

located at the base of the cerebellum & connected to the 3rd ventricle by a narrow canal called cerebral aqueduct

A

fourth ventricle

54
Q

bathes the brain and spinal cord, protective cushion around the CNS

A

cerebrospinal fluid

55
Q

produce the CSF; specialized ependymal cells and are located in the ventricles

A

choroid plexuses

56
Q

Flow of CSF:

A

CSF flow–lateral ventricles–3rd ventricles–cerebral aqueduct–4th ventricle

57
Q

condition where there is blockage of the openings in the 4th ventricle/cerebral aqueduct & causes CSF to accumulate in the ventricles

A

hydrocephalus

58
Q

transmit and relay information to the brain analogues to the spinal nerves

A

cranial nerves

59
Q

functions of cranial nerves:

A
  • sensory -special senses, vision touch and pain
  • somatic motor -control of skeletal muscles through motor neurons. Proprioception -awareness of position of various body parts
  • parasympathetic -regulation of glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles
60
Q

smell

A

olfactory

61
Q

vision

A

optic

62
Q

motor to 4 of 6 eye muscles & upper eyelid; constricts pupils and thickens lens

A

oculomotor

63
Q

motor to 1 extrinsic eye muscle

A

trochlear

64
Q

sensory to face & teeth, mastication

A

trigeminal

65
Q

motor to 1 extrinsic eye muscle

A

abducens

66
Q

motors to muscles of facial expression,

A

facial

67
Q

hearing & balance

A

vestibulocochlear

68
Q

taste and touch to back of tongue, pharyngeal muscles

A

glossopharyngeal

69
Q

sensory to pharynx, larynx, viscera

A

vagus

70
Q

motor to 2 neck & upper back muscle

A

accessory

71
Q

motor to tongue muscles

A

hypoglossal

Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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