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Anatomy and Physiology > Brain & Brain stem > Flashcards

Brain & Brain stem Flashcards

1
Q

4 major regions of the brain

A
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • diencephalon
  • cerebrum
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2
Q

connects the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain, consists of medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

A

brainstem

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3
Q

most inferior portion of the brainstem and is continuous with the spinal chord, specific functions:

  • regulation of heart rate
  • blood vessel diameter
  • breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, etc.
A

medulla oblongata

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4
Q

two prominent enlargements on the anterior surface that extends the medulla oblongata

A

pyramids

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5
Q

immediately superior to the medulla oblongata, functional bridge between cerebrum & cerebellum functions such as chewing and salivation

A

pons

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6
Q

superior to the pons, the smallest region of the brainstem

A

midbrain

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7
Q

dorsal part of the midbrain consists of four monds called the _______

A

colliculi

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8
Q

a black nuclear mass contain in the midbrain

A

substantia nigra

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9
Q

scattered throughout the brainstem is a group of nuclei collection called ________

A

reticular formation

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10
Q

attached through the brainstem by several large connections called cerebral peduncles involved in maintaining balance, muscle tone and coordinating fine motor movement

A

cerebellum

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11
Q

part of the brain between the brainstem and the cerebrum, consist of thalamus, epithalamus and hypothalamus

A

diencephalon

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12
Q

largest part of diencephalon, shaped like a yo-o

A

thalamus

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13
Q

small area superior and posterior to the thalamus

A

epithalamus

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14
Q

endocrine gland that may influence the onset of puberty

A

pineal gland

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15
Q

most inferior part of the diencephalon, role:

  • control body temperature
  • hunger & thirst, sensations
A

hypothalamus

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16
Q

extends from the floor of the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

A

infundibilum

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17
Q

largest part of the brain

A

cerebrum

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18
Q

divides the cerebrum into left & right hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissures

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19
Q

numerous folds on the surface of hemisphere

A

gyri

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20
Q

intervening grooves

A

sulci

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21
Q

in the control of voluntary motor functions, olfactory reception (smell)

A

frontal lobe

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22
Q

sensory information

A

parietal lobe

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23
Q

separates the frontal and parietal lobes

A

central sulcus

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24
Q

visual input

A

occipital lobe

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25
olfactory (smell), auditory (hearing) sensations and memory
temporal lobe
26
separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the cerebrum
lateral fissures
27
deep within the fissure is the ______often referred to as the 5th lobe
insula
28
gray matter on outer surface of cerebrum
cerebral cortex
29
white matter of the brain between the cortex & and nuclei
cerebral medulla
30
connect areas of cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere
association fibers
31
connect one cerebral hemisphere to the other hemisphere
commisural fibers
32
largest bundle of commisural fibers
corpus callosum
33
connect the cerebrum to the other parts of the brain and spinal chord
projection fibers
34
3 stages of memory:
- working memory -secs to mins - short-term memory -longer than working , mins to few days - long-term memory -consolidation, new and stronger synaptic connection
35
retention of facts emotions and mood
declarative memory
36
development of motor skills
procedural memory
37
memory traces
memory engrams
38
ascend to the head along the anterior lateral part of neck
internal carotid arteries
39
ascend along the posterior part of the neck , enter through foramen magnum
vertebral arteries
40
formed by vertebral arteries , lies on the ventral surface of pons
basilar artery
41
formed by basilar artery & internal carotid arteries
cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)
42
surround and protect the brain
meninges
43
most superficial and thickest of the meninges
dura mater
44
bleeding/damage to the vains crossing cerebral cortex & dural venous sinuses
subdural hematoma
45
space between dura mater & the vertebrae
epidural space
46
2nd meningeal membrane, very thin, wispy
arachnoid mater
47
space between dura & arachnoid mater
subdural space
48
3rd meningeal membrane, tightly bound to surface of brain & spinal cord
pia mater
49
between the arachnoid & pia mater, contains small amount of serous fluid
subarachnoid space
50
fluid-filled cavities in the CNS
ventricles
51
large cavity in the cerebral hemisphere
lateral ventricles
52
smaller, midline cavity located in the center of diencephalon between 2 halves of thalamus & connected by foramina to lateral ventricles
third ventricle
53
located at the base of the cerebellum & connected to the 3rd ventricle by a narrow canal called cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle
54
bathes the brain and spinal cord, protective cushion around the CNS
cerebrospinal fluid
55
produce the CSF; specialized ependymal cells and are located in the ventricles
choroid plexuses
56
Flow of CSF:
CSF flow--lateral ventricles--3rd ventricles--cerebral aqueduct--4th ventricle
57
condition where there is blockage of the openings in the 4th ventricle/cerebral aqueduct & causes CSF to accumulate in the ventricles
hydrocephalus
58
transmit and relay information to the brain analogues to the spinal nerves
cranial nerves
59
functions of cranial nerves:
- sensory -special senses, vision touch and pain - somatic motor -control of skeletal muscles through motor neurons. Proprioception -awareness of position of various body parts - parasympathetic -regulation of glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles
60
smell
olfactory
61
vision
optic
62
motor to 4 of 6 eye muscles & upper eyelid; constricts pupils and thickens lens
oculomotor
63
motor to 1 extrinsic eye muscle
trochlear
64
sensory to face & teeth, mastication
trigeminal
65
motor to 1 extrinsic eye muscle
abducens
66
motors to muscles of facial expression,
facial
67
hearing & balance
vestibulocochlear
68
taste and touch to back of tongue, pharyngeal muscles
glossopharyngeal
69
sensory to pharynx, larynx, viscera
vagus
70
motor to 2 neck & upper back muscle
accessory
71
motor to tongue muscles
hypoglossal

Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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