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Anatomy and Physiology > Lymphatics & Immunity > Flashcards

Lymphatics & Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

functions of lymphatic system:

A
  • fluid balance -between interstitial space & blood capillaries
  • liquid absorption -absorbs lipids from digestive tract through Lacteals
  • defense -against pathogens and foreign substances
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2
Q

tiny close-ended vessels consisting of simple squamous epithelium exchanging fluids with capillaries, very permeable,
endothelial cells overlap to form one-way flaplike minivalves

A

lymphatic capillaries

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3
Q

resemble small veins but with elastic membrane surrounding the epithelium , beaded appearance
collects lymph from lymph capillaries
carries lymph to & away from lymph nodes
returns fluid to circulatory veins near the heart

A

lymphatic vessels

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4
Q

movement of lymph fluid:

A
  • contraction of lymphatic vessels -undirectional valves divide lymphatic vessels into a series of chambers & contract
  • contraction of skeletal muscle -lymphatic vessels are compressed when surrounding muscles contract
  • thoracic pressure changes -inspiration-pressure decreases in thoracic cavity, expiration-pressure increases in thoracic cavity
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5
Q

round oval bean-shaped bodies along the various lymphatic vessels connected in series & filters lymph before it is returned to the blood

A

lymph nodes

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6
Q

lymph node converge to form larger vessels called ____

A

lymphatic trunk

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7
Q

drain lymph from the head and neck

A

jugular trunks

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8
Q

drain lymph from the upper limbs, superficial thoracic wall & mammary glands

A

subclavian trunks

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9
Q

drain lymph from thoracic organs and the deep thoracic wall

A

bronchomediastinal trunks

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10
Q

drain lymph from abdominal organs

A

intestinal trunks

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11
Q

drain lymph from the lower limbs

A

lumbar trunks

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12
Q

largest lymphatic vessel

A

thoracic duct

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13
Q

lymphatic pathways:

A

lymphatic capillary–lymphatic vessel–lymph node–lymphatic vessel–lymphatic trunk–collecting duct–subclavian vein

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14
Q

lymph nodes cortex has _______

A

collections of lymphocytes

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15
Q

lymph nodes medulla has ______

A

phagocytic macrophages

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16
Q

dense connective tissue surrounding each lymph node

A

capsule

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17
Q

extension of the capsule and forms a delicate internal skeleton

A

trabeculae

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18
Q

subscapular sinus & cortical sinuses separated by diffuse lymphocytes

A

cortex

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19
Q

organized into branching, called the medullary cords separated by medullary sinuses

A

medulla

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20
Q

areas of rapid lymphocyte division

A

germinal centers

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21
Q

filters blood, destroy worn out blood cells, forms blood cells in the fetus & acts as blood reservoir

A

spleen

22
Q

produces hormones (thymosin) to program lymphocytes, maturation of T-Cells

A

thymus

23
Q

trap and remove bacteria and other foreign materials

A

tonsil

24
Q

capture and destroy bacteria in the intestine

A

peyer’s patches

25
Q

lymphatic tissue surrounding the arteries within the spleen

A

white pulp

26
Q

associated with the veins within the spleen, fibrous network filled with macrophages & rbc

A

red pulp

27
Q

trabeculae extend from the capsule into the substance of the glan division within the thymus

A

lobules

28
Q

within the medulla of a thymus for development of regulatory T cells

A

thymic corpuscles

29
Q

site for maturation of T cells

A

thymus

30
Q

a hormone secreted by the thymus important for cell maturation process

A

thymosin

31
Q

resistance to disease

A

immunity

32
Q

2 intrinsic immune system:

A
  • Innate (nonspecific) defense system

- adaptive(specific) defense system

33
Q

ability of adaptive immunity to recognize a particular substance

A

specificity

34
Q

ability of adaptive immunity to remember previous encounters with a particular substance

A

memory

35
Q

lyse/kill infected & cancer cells

A

natural killer cells

36
Q

free/fixed (microglial)

A

macrophages

37
Q

phagocytic levels rise and fall

A

neutrophils

38
Q

carry foreign bodies to lymph nodes

A

dendrite cells

39
Q

move toward the source of chemotactic substances

A

chemotaxis

40
Q

endocytosis & destruction of particles by cells called phagocytes

A

phagocytosis

41
Q

most important phagocytotic cells

A

neutrophils & macrophages

42
Q

proteins that are secreted by viral infected cells that bond to healthy cells and prevent virus from bonding

A

interferons

43
Q

20 proteins when activated can punch holes in infected cells literally blowing them up

A

complement

44
Q

proteins that recognize foreign structure arrangement and stick

A

collectins

45
Q

substances that stimulates adaptive immunity

A

antigens

46
Q

introduced from outside

A

foreign antigens

47
Q

molecules the body produces

A

self-antigens

48
Q

develop when self-antigens stimulate unwanted tissue destruction

A

autoimmune disease

49
Q

involves the action of T cells

A

cell-mediated immunity

50
Q

producing the effect of cell-mediated immunity

A

cytotoxic T cells

51
Q

promote/inhibit the activities of both antibody mediated immunity and cell-mediated immunity

A

helper T cells and regulatory T cells

52
Q

immune system does not distinguish between self and nonself

A

autoimmunity

Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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