Lymphatics & Immunity

Question 1

functions of lymphatic system:

Answer 1

• fluid balance -between interstitial space & blood capillaries
• liquid absorption -absorbs lipids from digestive tract through Lacteals
• defense -against pathogens and foreign substances

Question 2

tiny close-ended vessels consisting of simple squamous epithelium exchanging fluids with capillaries, very permeable,
endothelial cells overlap to form one-way flaplike minivalves

Answer 2

lymphatic capillaries

Question 3

resemble small veins but with elastic membrane surrounding the epithelium , beaded appearance
collects lymph from lymph capillaries
carries lymph to & away from lymph nodes
returns fluid to circulatory veins near the heart

Answer 3

lymphatic vessels

Question 4

movement of lymph fluid:

Answer 4

• contraction of lymphatic vessels -undirectional valves divide lymphatic vessels into a series of chambers & contract
• contraction of skeletal muscle -lymphatic vessels are compressed when surrounding muscles contract
• thoracic pressure changes -inspiration-pressure decreases in thoracic cavity, expiration-pressure increases in thoracic cavity

Question 5

round oval bean-shaped bodies along the various lymphatic vessels connected in series & filters lymph before it is returned to the blood

Answer 5

lymph nodes

Question 6

lymph node converge to form larger vessels called ____

Answer 6

lymphatic trunk

Question 7

drain lymph from the head and neck

Answer 7

jugular trunks

Question 8

drain lymph from the upper limbs, superficial thoracic wall & mammary glands

Answer 8

subclavian trunks

Question 9

drain lymph from thoracic organs and the deep thoracic wall

Answer 9

bronchomediastinal trunks

Question 10

drain lymph from abdominal organs

Answer 10

intestinal trunks

Question 11

drain lymph from the lower limbs

Answer 11

lumbar trunks

Question 12

largest lymphatic vessel

Answer 12

thoracic duct

Question 13

lymphatic pathways:

Answer 13

lymphatic capillary–lymphatic vessel–lymph node–lymphatic vessel–lymphatic trunk–collecting duct–subclavian vein

Question 14

lymph nodes cortex has _______

Answer 14

collections of lymphocytes

Question 15

lymph nodes medulla has ______

Answer 15

phagocytic macrophages

Question 16

dense connective tissue surrounding each lymph node

Answer 16

capsule

Question 17

extension of the capsule and forms a delicate internal skeleton

Answer 17

trabeculae

Question 18

subscapular sinus & cortical sinuses separated by diffuse lymphocytes

Answer 18

cortex

Question 19

organized into branching, called the medullary cords separated by medullary sinuses

Answer 19

medulla

Question 20

areas of rapid lymphocyte division

Answer 20

germinal centers

Question 21

filters blood, destroy worn out blood cells, forms blood cells in the fetus & acts as blood reservoir

Answer 21

spleen

Question 22

produces hormones (thymosin) to program lymphocytes, maturation of T-Cells

Answer 22

thymus

Question 23

trap and remove bacteria and other foreign materials

Answer 23

tonsil

Question 24

capture and destroy bacteria in the intestine

Answer 24

peyer’s patches

Question 25

lymphatic tissue surrounding the arteries within the spleen

Answer 25

white pulp

Question 26

associated with the veins within the spleen, fibrous network filled with macrophages & rbc

Answer 26

red pulp

Question 27

trabeculae extend from the capsule into the substance of the glan division within the thymus

Answer 27

lobules

Question 28

within the medulla of a thymus for development of regulatory T cells

Answer 28

thymic corpuscles

Question 29

site for maturation of T cells

Answer 29

thymus

Question 30

a hormone secreted by the thymus important for cell maturation process

Answer 30

thymosin

Question 31

resistance to disease

Answer 31

immunity

Question 32

2 intrinsic immune system:

Answer 32

- Innate (nonspecific) defense system | - adaptive(specific) defense system

Question 33

ability of adaptive immunity to recognize a particular substance

Answer 33

specificity

Question 34

ability of adaptive immunity to remember previous encounters with a particular substance

Answer 34

memory

Question 35

lyse/kill infected & cancer cells

Answer 35

natural killer cells

Question 36

free/fixed (microglial)

Answer 36

macrophages

Question 37

phagocytic levels rise and fall

Answer 37

neutrophils

Question 38

carry foreign bodies to lymph nodes

Answer 38

dendrite cells

Question 39

move toward the source of chemotactic substances

Answer 39

chemotaxis

Question 40

endocytosis & destruction of particles by cells called phagocytes

Answer 40

phagocytosis

Question 41

most important phagocytotic cells

Answer 41

neutrophils & macrophages

Question 42

proteins that are secreted by viral infected cells that bond to healthy cells and prevent virus from bonding

Answer 42

interferons

Question 43

20 proteins when activated can punch holes in infected cells literally blowing them up

Answer 43

complement

Question 44

proteins that recognize foreign structure arrangement and stick

Answer 44

collectins

Question 45

substances that stimulates adaptive immunity

Answer 45

antigens

Question 46

introduced from outside

Answer 46

foreign antigens

Question 47

molecules the body produces

Answer 47

self-antigens

Question 48

develop when self-antigens stimulate unwanted tissue destruction

Answer 48

autoimmune disease

Question 49

involves the action of T cells

Answer 49

cell-mediated immunity

Question 50

producing the effect of cell-mediated immunity

Answer 50

cytotoxic T cells

Question 51

promote/inhibit the activities of both antibody mediated immunity and cell-mediated immunity

Answer 51

helper T cells and regulatory T cells

Question 52

immune system does not distinguish between self and nonself

Answer 52

autoimmunity