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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

Formation of three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Each will give rise to specific tissues and organs

A

GASTRULATION

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2
Q

What are the Stages of Animal Development?

A 
Gametogenesis
Fertilization
Cleavage
Gastrulation 
Organogenesis
Differentiation and Growth
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3
Q

What are the Germ Layers?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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4
Q

Nervous system (brain and spinal cord) , epidermis, sense organs

A

ECTODERM

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5
Q

Muscles, bones, cartilage, circulatory, excretory, and reproductive organs

A

MESODERM

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6
Q

Digestive and respiratory orgy, endocrine glands, germ cells and gametes

A

ENDODERM

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7
Q

Occurs in fallopian tube; results in a unicellular zygote

A

FERTILIZATION

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8
Q

Also takes place in fallopian tube after fertilization

A

CLEAVAGE

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9
Q

Attachment of blastocysts to endometrium of uterus; start of pregnancy

A

IMPLANTATION

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10
Q
  • Involves formation of sex cells, zygote formation, subsequent stages in one’s life span
  • is terminated by death
A

DEVELOPMENT

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11
Q

When a cell has only half the chromosome number or only one set of chromosomes

A

HAPLOID (n)

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12
Q

When a cell has full chromosome number or two sets of chromosomes

A

DIPLOID (2n)

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13
Q

A cell that is capable of differentiating to become any kind of cell

A

TOTIPOTENT CELL

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14
Q

Stage development that results in unicellular diploid zygote

A

FERTILIZATION

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15
Q

Stage development that yeilds haploid gametes

A

GAMETOGENESIS

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16
Q

Stage development involving series of mitotic divisions to produce a multicellular blastula from a unicellular zygote

A

CLEAVAGE

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17
Q

Stage development involving morphogenetic movement of the cells to produce a gastrula with distinct germ cell layers; in vertebrates, this will result in three layers: the outermost ectoderm; the inner ectoderm; and the middle layer, the mesoderm

A

GASTRULATION

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18
Q

Stage development where the different germ layers differentitate into specific organ systems

A

ORGANOGENESIS

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19
Q

Stage development characterized by an increase in size of an individual

A

GROWTH

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20
Q

Also known as Identical Twins; results from the union of a sperm and an egg to form a single zygote that splits up during the first cleavage

A

MONOZYGOTIC TWINS

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21
Q

Also known as Fraternal Twins; results from development of two or more seperate fertilization events where the resulting zygotes develop almost simultaneously

A

DIZYGOTIC TWINS

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22
Q

Where sperms reproduce

A

TESTIS

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23
Q

Where sperms are temporarily stored

A

EPIDIDYMIS

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24
Q

Supports the testis and epididymis

A

SCROTAL SAC/ SCROTUM

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25
Q

Where the sperm passes through from the testis before the urethra

A

VAS DEFERENS

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26
Q

Connected to the urethra and the urinary bladder; serves as passage way of both sperm and urine and terminates in the external urinary meatus of the penis

A

URETHRA

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27
Q

Secretes fluid thats forms part of the semen; secretion gives the semen its alkaline characteristic to counter act the acidity of the vaginal tract and therefore protect the sperm; the fluid also contains sugar like fructose

A

SEMINAL VESICLE

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28
Q

Secretes fluid that also provides alkalinity to the semen; it also contains proteolytic enzymes, citric acid, phosphatases, and lipids

A

PROSTATE GLAND

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29
Q

Paired glands that produce clear, viscous secretion known as pre-ejaculate that helps to lubricate the urethra for sperm and through, neutralizing traces of acidic urine in urethra, and helps flush out anu residual urine or foreign matter

A

BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

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30
Q

What happen when you pre-ejaculate?

A

Lubricate the urethra for sperm to pass through, neutralizing traces of acidic urine in the urethra, and helps flush out any residual urine or foreign matters

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31
Q

The hemologue(equivalent) of penis in females

A

CLITORIS

32
Q

Main entrance to the female reproductive tract; receives the penis during sexual intercourse

A

VAGINA

33
Q

Where the vagina ends; projection of the uterus into the vagina; leads to uterus

A

CERVIX

34
Q

Also known as the womb; where the embryo develops; with thick muscular walls, blood vessels; and the endometrial lining

A

UTERUS

35
Q

Innermost lining of the uterus where the embryo implants and develop

A

ENDOMETRIAL LINING/ ENDOMETRIUM

36
Q

Also known as the oviducts; paired tubes that are connected to the uterus and terminate near the ovaries; this is where fertilization takes place

A

FALLOPIAN TUBE

37
Q

Female gonads that release the oocytes during ovulation which are then caught by the fimbrae of the fallopian tube in order for the oocytes to pass on to the fallopian tubes

A

OVARIES

38
Q

Human blastula made up of solid ball of cells

A

MORULA

39
Q

A human blastula composed of inner cell mass, which becomes the embryo, and the trophoectoderm, which become the placent

A

BLASTOCYST

40
Q

Process where the blastocyst implants itself in the endometrium; this signals the start of pregnancy

A

IMPLANTATION

41
Q

Carrying the embryo inside the female reproductive tract, specifically the uterus; can last up to 9 months in humans

A

GESTATION

42
Q

Corresponds to the first two months of gestation

A

HUMAN EMBRYO

43
Q

Corresponds to the months 3-9 in human gestation

A

HUMAN FETUS

44
Q

Part of menstrual cycle of the ovary in humans where the follicles begin to mature; it is marked by the secretions of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSM) and the leutinizing hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary gland and the estrogen by the ovaries. Bothe FSM and LH stimulate the maturation of oocytes while estrogen stimulates lining growth in the preparation for implantation of the embryo

A

FOLLICULAR PHASE

45
Q

What stimulate the maturation of the oocytes?

A

BOTH FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSM) AND LEUTINIZING HORMONE (LH)

46
Q

What stimulates the uterine lining growth in preparation for implantation of the embryo?

A

ESTROGEN

47
Q

What are the Germ Layers?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

48
Q

Nervous system (brain and spinal cord) , epidermis, sense organs

A

ECTODERM

49
Q

Muscles, bones, cartilage, circulatory, excretory, and reproductive organs

A

MESODERM

50
Q

Digestive and respiratory orgy, endocrine glands, germ cells and gametes

A

ENDODERM

51
Q

Part of the menstrual cylce of the ovary after the oocytes are released from the follicles; the remains of the follicle become the corpus lutuem, which then secretes progesterone which stimulates the uterus to undergo final maturational changes that prepare it for gestation to house and nourish embryo

A

LUTEAL PHASE

52
Q
  • Part of the menstrual cycle of the uterus; also known as the “period”
  • corresponds to the early part of the follicular phase of the ovaries (days 1-5) when endometrium degenerates and sloughs off, producing the menstrual discharge
A

MENSTRUAL PHASE

53
Q
  • part of the menstrual cycle of the uterus
  • corresponds to the latter part of the follicular phase of the ovaries (DAYS 8-4) when the endomentrium heals and begins to thicken as a consequence of estrogen secretion
A

PROLIFERATIVE PHASE

54
Q
  • part of the menstrual cycle
  • corresponds to the luteal phase of the ovaries
  • the endometrium undergoes final changes before it recieves the embryo during implantation
A

SECRETORY PHASE

55
Q

Process that blocks any one of the stages of reproduction in humans

A

CONTRACEPTION

56
Q

What are the stages in human reproduction?

A
  1. Release and transport of the gametes
  2. Fertilization
  3. Implantation
  4. Actual Completion of development of the embryo/fetus
57
Q
  • suppresing methods

- type of contraception that prevents the oocyte to mature

A

OVULATION

58
Q

Type of contraception taken in by the women to prevent them from ovulating

A

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

59
Q

Type of contraception that prevents fertilization

A

BARRIER METHODS

60
Q

Type of barrier method that is inserted on the male penis to prevent release of sperm into the female reproductive tract

A

CONDOM

61
Q

Type of barrier method that blocks the cervix, thereby preventing the passage of the sperm into the uterus

A

DIAPHRAGM

62
Q

Type of barrier method that covers cervix and blocks passage of sperm into the uterus

A

CERVICAL CAP

63
Q

Type of barrier method that kills the sperm on contact; they are placed inside the vaginal canal

A

SPERMICIDAL JELLY OR FOAM

64
Q

A special type of contraception preventing fertilization that involves surgery

A

SURGICAL METHODS

65
Q

Type of surgical methods for men; entails cutting the vas deferens

A

VASECTOMY

66
Q

Type of surgical methods for women; entails cutting the fallopian tubes

A

TUBAL LIGATION

67
Q
  • Suppressing methods

- type of contraception that prevents the blastocyst from being implanted in the endometrium

A

IMPLANTATION

68
Q
  • suppressing method

- type of implantation that physically blocks the blastocyst from implanting into the endometrium

A

INTRA-UTERINE DEVISE (IUD)

69
Q
  • type of implantation

- suppresing methods that blocks the action of hormones that prepare the uterus to recieve the embryo

A

MORNING-AFTER PILL

70
Q

Type of contraception that involves the deliberate removal of the embryo/fetus before it completes gestation

A

ABORTION

71
Q

Type of contraception that requires the man to remove the penis before the ejaculation

A

COITUS INTERRUPTUS

72
Q

Type of contraception where the man and the woman do not engage in sexual intercourse

A

ABSTINENCE

73
Q

What becomes the placent?

A

TROPHOECTODERM

74
Q

What secretes progesterone?

A

CORPUS LUTEUM

75
Q

What stimulates the uterus to undergo final maturational changes that prepare it for gestation to house and nourish an embryo

A

PROGESTERONE

76
Q

What secretes the follicle-stumulating hormones and luteal hormone?

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

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