Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
similarities between male and female reproductive systems
A
gonads (testes and ovaries) produce gametes (sperm or eggs) and secrete hormones. Ducts transport gametes and important fluids
2
Q
gonad/o
A
genitals or reproduction
3
Q
genit/o
A
genitals
4
Q
spermatazoon
A
singular term for spermatozoa
5
Q
ovum
A
singular term for ova
6
Q
genitalia
A
reproductive organs (especially those external to body)
7
Q
gynec/o
A
female
8
Q
gynecology
A
study of diseases of female reproductive organs
9
Q
cervic/o
A
cervix
e.g. cervical (pertaining to neck or cervix)
10
Q
colp/o, vagin/o
A
vagina
11
Q
hyster/o, uter/o
A
uterus
12
Q
metr/o, metri/i
A
uterine tissue (has three layers: myometrium, perimetrium, endometrium)
13
Q
ovar/o, oophor/o
A
ovary
14
Q
ovaries
A
each side of the uterus, function in ovulation, production of ova and production of estrogen and projesterone
15
Q
salping/o
A
fallopian tube
16
Q
vulv/o
A
vulva (external female genitalia)
17
Q
-cidal
A
killing
18
Q
cyst/o, vesic/o
A
urinary bladder
19
Q
men/o
A
month
20
Q
menstration or menses
A
sloughing off of the endometrium that has been prepared to receive a fertilized ovum
21
Q
-plasia
A
development or formation
22
Q
rect/o
A
rectum
23
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
24
Q
urin/o
A
urine
25
structures of the vulva
mons pubis, clitoris, labia minora, labia majora, openings for glands
26
internal female reproductive structures
ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, vagina
27
fallopian tubes, uterine tubes or salpinx
transport ova to uterus
28
vagina
birth canal
29
uterus
provides nourishment from implantation to birth
30
cervix
lowermost cylindric part of uterus
31
papanicolaou (pap) smear
vaginal speculum "(instrument for examining body orifices or cavities) is inserted
specimens sent to cytology and collected during pelvic examination
pap smears done to detect cervical cancer (e.g. through detecting dysplasia, precancerous tissue change)
32
colposcopy
using low-powered microscope to magnify the mucosa of vagina and cervix to see suspicious lesions
33
laparoscopy
in general: examination of abdominal cavity through one or more small incisions in abdominal wall
using laparoscope with light source to see pelvic cavity and reproductive organs
can be used for tubal sterilization, removal of uterus or ovaries, biopsy collection
34
hysteroscopy
visual examination of cervical canal and uterine cavity using hysteroscope
can be used obtain biopsy, excise cervical polyps or remove intrauterine device
35
amenorrhea
a = without, men/o = month, -rrhea = discharge
| absence of menstrual flow when it is normally expected
36
dysmenorrhea
painful menstration
37
metrorrhagia
bleeding from uterus at time other than menstrual period.
38
cervical polyps
fibrous or mucous-stalked tumor of servical mucosa lining
39
polyp
general term for tumors that bleed easily and found on mucous membranes
40
colpitis
vaginitis, inflammation of vagina
41
cervicocolpitis
inflammation of vagina and cervix
42
endometriosis
tissue that resembles the endometrium is found abnormally in various locations in pelvic cavity (often ovaries)
43
vaginal fistulas
```
fistula = abnormal, tube-like passage between two internal organs or between organ and body surface
vesicovaginal = between bladdder and vagina
rectovaginal = between rectum and vagina
urethrovaginal = between urethra and vagina
```
44
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
infectin of upper genital organs beyond cervix, often involving peritoneum and intestines
45
Myoma
common benign tumor of uterine muscle
46
PMS
syndrome of nervous tension, irritability, weight gain, edema, and headache during last few days before menstration
47
uterine cancer
malignancy of uterus, including cervix or endomentrium
48
vulvitis
inflammation of the vulva
49
oophoritis
inflamed condition of ovary
50
oophorosalpingitis
inflammation of ovary and fallopian tube
51
salpingitis
inflammation of fallopian tube
52
salpingocele
hernial protrusion of fallopian tube
53
cystocele
herniation or protrusion of the urinary bladder through vagina wall
54
contraception, contraceptive
any device, process or method that prevents conception
55
tubal ligation
sterilization by surgically binding or crushing the fallopian tubes, sometimes reversible
56
hysterectomy
removal of uterus
57
salpingo-oophorectomy
removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries
58
in-vitro fertilization (IVF)
fertilizing ova outisde body by collecting mature ova and sperm before placing them in uterus forimplantation
59
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
primary intervention for women with menopausal symptoms or those at high risk for osteoporosis and bone tissue deterioration
60
uterine adhesions
scar tissue in uterine cavity. treatment is lysis
61
laparotomy
abdominal operation where surgical opening of abdomen is done for various purposes
62
colpoplasty
plastic repair of the vagina
63
colporrhaphy
suture of the vagina
64
salpingorrhaphy
suture of the fallopian tube
65
vaginal hysterectomy
removal of uterus through vagina
66
oophorectomy
removal of one or both ovaries
67
salpingectomy
removal of one or both fallopian tubes
68
conization of the cervix
excision of a cone of tissue from cervix to remove lesion or for biopsy.
sometimes in conjunction with dilation and curettage (D&C)
69
dilation and curettage (C&C)
surgical procedure that expands cervical opening, and then uterine wall scraped
70
endometrial ablation
destruction of thin layer of uterus to stop heavy menstrual bleeding
71
fertilization
fertilization is union of ovum and sperm, resulting in embryo, most often occurring in fallopian tube
ovum fertilized by sperm producing zygote. zygote undergoes cell division and then implants on day 7.
72
amni/o
amnion (innermost fetal membrane)
73
fet/o
fetus
74
nat/i
birth
75
par/o
to bear offspring
76
gravida
refers to pregnant woman
77
-para
a woman who has given birth
78
fetus
embryo after 8 weeks
79
neonate
newborn infant up to 6 weeks of age (neonatal period)
80
ultrasonography
provides image of developing fetus, also to obtain images of organs and tissues throughout body for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
81
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy located outside uterus
82
labor
process by which child is expelled from uterus (from cervical dilation to placenta delivery) - stages = cervical dilation, fetus expulsion, placenta expulsion
83
vaginal delivery
fetus and placenta are delivered normally through vagina
84
cesarean section
surgical removal of fetus from uterus (when vaginal delivery is hazardous)
85
gestation
pregnancy
| from conception to birth
86
expected date of delivery (EDD)
around 266 days from fertilization or 280 days from last menstrual period (LMP)
87
para I, para II
number of pregnancies resulting in live births
88
unipara
female who has given birth once
89
nullipara
female who has never given birth to a viable offspring
90
primigravida
woman who is pregnant for the first time
91
Gravida I, II, III
woman who has been pregnant once, twice or three times
92
fetal presentation
the part of the fetus that is touched by the examining finger through the cervix or has entered the mother's lesser pelvis
cephalic presentation = most common, breech presentation = when butt, knees or feet are presented, shoulder/transverse presentation = long axis of baby's body is across long axis of mothers body
93
abruptio placentae
separation of placenta from uterine wall after 20 weeks or more or during labor, resulting often in severe hemorrhage
94
amniocentesis
puncture of the amniotic sac to remove amniotic fluid (to detect abnormalities)
95
chorionic villus sampling
to reveal genetic abnormalities earlier than amniocentesis
96
amniotomy
surgical rupture of the fetal membranes, to induce or expedite labor
97
episiotomy
surgical procedure in which an incision is made to enlarge vaginal opening for delivery
98
down syndrome
congenital condition where there are three chromosome 21 characterized by mental retardation. diagnosed by chorionic villus sampling, amniocenteses or other chromosomal studies
99
fetal monitoring
abnormal presentation of placenta in uterus so that it covers opening at upper end of cervix
100
hemolytic disease of the newborn
| erythroblastosis fetalis
anemia of newborns with premature destruction of RBCs, resulting from incompatibility of maternal and fetal blood group
involves Rh factor and ABO blood groups
101
areola
circular pigmented area of skin surrounding nipple
102
mammography
diagnostic procedure to study the breast and diagnose breast cancer
103
mastalgia, mastodynia, mammalgia
pain in the breast
104
mastitis
inflammation of the breast
105
mastoptosis
saggingbreast
106
mastopexy
surgical procedure to lift breasts
107
augmentation mammoplasty
plastic surgery to increase size of breast (vs reduction mammoplasty)
108
testes
male gonads responsible for producing sperm and hormones. Develop in the abdominal cavity of fetus and then descend through inguinal canal in scrotum after birth
109
spermatozoa
mature male sex cells
110
testosterone
male hormone produced by testes, brings about induction and maintenance of male secondary characteristics
111
major male reproductive strutures
penis, testes, epididymis, scrotum, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, prostate, bulbourethral glands
112
prepuce
foreskin, loose fold of skin covering lgans penis
113
seminal vesicles
serve as reservoir for semen until discharge
114
orchi/o, orchid/o
testes
115
test/o, testicul/o
testes
116
pen/o
penis
117
prostat/o
prostate
118
scrot/o
scrotum
119
crypt/o
hidden
120
cryptorchidism
developmental defect in which one or both testes fails to descent into the scrotum
121
orchitis or orchiditis
inflammation of testis
122
testicular torsion
axial rotation of spermatic cord that cuts off blood supply to the testicle
123
prostatitis
inflammation of prostate
124
semin/o
semen
125
spermat/o
sperm
126
vaso
vessel or duct
127
vasectomy
removal of all or part of a segment of vas deferens, usually bilaterally to produce sterility
128
spermatozoon
nucleus has chromosomes, in the head - covered by chromosome which contains enzymes helping it penetrate ovum. Midpiece has mitochondria providing energy and tail (flagellum) provides propulsion.
129
semen
seminal fluid. mixture of sperm cells and secretions
130
benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH)
nonmalignant, noninflammatory enlargement of prostate extending it upward into bladder and obstructing urine
131
prostatic carcinoma
slow progressing cancer of the prostate. Commonly detected by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and rectal palpation. Treatment is surgery, radiation therapy or hormones
132
hydrocele
accumulation of fluid in a saclike cavity around testicle
133
testicular torsion
twisted spermatic cord and blood vessels
134
orchidectomy, orchiectomy
surgical removal of a testicle, to treat malignancy of testes
135
orchidplasty
plastic surgery of testes, particularly surgery performed to correct an undescended testicle
136
orchiopexy
surgical fixation of an undescended testicle in the scrotum
137
orchiotomy
incision and drainage of a testicle
138
prostatectomy
removal of all or part of the prostate
139
transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)
removal of part of the prostate gland through an incision in the urethral wall
also transurethral resection
140
transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT) or thermotherapy
treatment of BPH performed through urethra using microwave energy to selectively raise temperature and destroy prostatic tissue
141
transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)
treatment of BPH performed through urethra using low-level radio frequency
142
ablation
general term for excision or removal of a growth on any part of the body
143
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
veneral diseases
| can cause male urethritis, female lower GU tract infection and vaginitis
144
chlamydial infection
treatable bacterial disease, treated by antibiotics
| most common STD
145
chancroid
painful ulceration of the genitals
146
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
fatal late stage of infection with HIV and involves profound immunosuppression (lowered immune response). Defined by opportunistic infection and malignant tumors
147
syndrome
set of signs and symptoms that are not necessarily caused by same disease
148
kaposi sarcoma
malignatn neoplasm usually occuring in people with AID
149
viral hepatitis
inflammation condition of the liver caused by one of the hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E)
Hepatitis A and E not considered STDs (acquired by ingestion of contaminated food)
Hepatitis acquired through contaminated blood, sexual contact or contaminated needles
150
trichomoniasis
protozoal infection asymptomatic in men but show symptoms in women (frothy white discharge)
151
candidiasis
fungal infection that causes white patches and cheese-like discharge and vulvovaginitis
152
pubic lice
parasites that cause severe itching, redness and inflmmation
153
CS
cesarean section
154
HBV, HCV, HDV
hepatitis viruses B, C and D
155
HCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
156
HPV
human papillomavirus
157
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
158
IUD
intrauterine device
159
IVF
in vitro fertilization
160
LMP
last menstrual period
161
PID
pelvid inflammatory disease
162
PSA
prostatic-specific antigen
