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HIMP 1170 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

similarities between male and female reproductive systems

A

gonads (testes and ovaries) produce gametes (sperm or eggs) and secrete hormones. Ducts transport gametes and important fluids

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2
Q

gonad/o

A

genitals or reproduction

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3
Q

genit/o

A

genitals

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4
Q

spermatazoon

A

singular term for spermatozoa

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5
Q

ovum

A

singular term for ova

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6
Q

genitalia

A

reproductive organs (especially those external to body)

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7
Q

gynec/o

A

female

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8
Q

gynecology

A

study of diseases of female reproductive organs

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9
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix

e.g. cervical (pertaining to neck or cervix)

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10
Q

colp/o, vagin/o

A

vagina

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11
Q

hyster/o, uter/o

A

uterus

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12
Q

metr/o, metri/i

A

uterine tissue (has three layers: myometrium, perimetrium, endometrium)

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13
Q

ovar/o, oophor/o

A

ovary

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14
Q

ovaries

A

each side of the uterus, function in ovulation, production of ova and production of estrogen and projesterone

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15
Q

salping/o

A

fallopian tube

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16
Q

vulv/o

A

vulva (external female genitalia)

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17
Q

-cidal

A

killing

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18
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

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19
Q

men/o

A

month

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20
Q

menstration or menses

A

sloughing off of the endometrium that has been prepared to receive a fertilized ovum

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21
Q

-plasia

A

development or formation

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22
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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23
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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24
Q

urin/o

A

urine

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25
Q

structures of the vulva

A

mons pubis, clitoris, labia minora, labia majora, openings for glands

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26
Q

internal female reproductive structures

A

ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, vagina

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27
Q

fallopian tubes, uterine tubes or salpinx

A

transport ova to uterus

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28
Q

vagina

A

birth canal

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29
Q

uterus

A

provides nourishment from implantation to birth

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30
Q

cervix

A

lowermost cylindric part of uterus

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31
Q

papanicolaou (pap) smear

A

vaginal speculum “(instrument for examining body orifices or cavities) is inserted
specimens sent to cytology and collected during pelvic examination
pap smears done to detect cervical cancer (e.g. through detecting dysplasia, precancerous tissue change)

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32
Q

colposcopy

A

using low-powered microscope to magnify the mucosa of vagina and cervix to see suspicious lesions

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33
Q

laparoscopy

A

in general: examination of abdominal cavity through one or more small incisions in abdominal wall
using laparoscope with light source to see pelvic cavity and reproductive organs
can be used for tubal sterilization, removal of uterus or ovaries, biopsy collection

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34
Q

hysteroscopy

A

visual examination of cervical canal and uterine cavity using hysteroscope
can be used obtain biopsy, excise cervical polyps or remove intrauterine device

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35
Q

amenorrhea

A

a = without, men/o = month, -rrhea = discharge

absence of menstrual flow when it is normally expected

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36
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstration

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37
Q

metrorrhagia

A

bleeding from uterus at time other than menstrual period.

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38
Q

cervical polyps

A

fibrous or mucous-stalked tumor of servical mucosa lining

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39
Q

polyp

A

general term for tumors that bleed easily and found on mucous membranes

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40
Q

colpitis

A

vaginitis, inflammation of vagina

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41
Q

cervicocolpitis

A

inflammation of vagina and cervix

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42
Q

endometriosis

A

tissue that resembles the endometrium is found abnormally in various locations in pelvic cavity (often ovaries)

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43
Q

vaginal fistulas

A 
fistula = abnormal, tube-like passage between two internal organs or between organ and body surface
vesicovaginal = between bladdder and vagina
rectovaginal = between rectum and vagina
urethrovaginal = between urethra and vagina
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44
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

infectin of upper genital organs beyond cervix, often involving peritoneum and intestines

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45
Q

Myoma

A

common benign tumor of uterine muscle

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46
Q

PMS

A

syndrome of nervous tension, irritability, weight gain, edema, and headache during last few days before menstration

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47
Q

uterine cancer

A

malignancy of uterus, including cervix or endomentrium

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48
Q

vulvitis

A

inflammation of the vulva

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49
Q

oophoritis

A

inflamed condition of ovary

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50
Q

oophorosalpingitis

A

inflammation of ovary and fallopian tube

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51
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of fallopian tube

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52
Q

salpingocele

A

hernial protrusion of fallopian tube

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53
Q

cystocele

A

herniation or protrusion of the urinary bladder through vagina wall

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54
Q

contraception, contraceptive

A

any device, process or method that prevents conception

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55
Q

tubal ligation

A

sterilization by surgically binding or crushing the fallopian tubes, sometimes reversible

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56
Q

hysterectomy

A

removal of uterus

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57
Q

salpingo-oophorectomy

A

removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries

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58
Q

in-vitro fertilization (IVF)

A

fertilizing ova outisde body by collecting mature ova and sperm before placing them in uterus forimplantation

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59
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

primary intervention for women with menopausal symptoms or those at high risk for osteoporosis and bone tissue deterioration

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60
Q

uterine adhesions

A

scar tissue in uterine cavity. treatment is lysis

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61
Q

laparotomy

A

abdominal operation where surgical opening of abdomen is done for various purposes

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62
Q

colpoplasty

A

plastic repair of the vagina

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63
Q

colporrhaphy

A

suture of the vagina

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64
Q

salpingorrhaphy

A

suture of the fallopian tube

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65
Q

vaginal hysterectomy

A

removal of uterus through vagina

66
Q

oophorectomy

A

removal of one or both ovaries

67
Q

salpingectomy

A

removal of one or both fallopian tubes

68
Q

conization of the cervix

A

excision of a cone of tissue from cervix to remove lesion or for biopsy.
sometimes in conjunction with dilation and curettage (D&C)

69
Q

dilation and curettage (C&C)

A

surgical procedure that expands cervical opening, and then uterine wall scraped

70
Q

endometrial ablation

A

destruction of thin layer of uterus to stop heavy menstrual bleeding

71
Q

fertilization

A

fertilization is union of ovum and sperm, resulting in embryo, most often occurring in fallopian tube
ovum fertilized by sperm producing zygote. zygote undergoes cell division and then implants on day 7.

72
Q

amni/o

A

amnion (innermost fetal membrane)

73
Q

fet/o

A

fetus

74
Q

nat/i

A

birth

75
Q

par/o

A

to bear offspring

76
Q

gravida

A

refers to pregnant woman

77
Q

-para

A

a woman who has given birth

78
Q

fetus

A

embryo after 8 weeks

79
Q

neonate

A

newborn infant up to 6 weeks of age (neonatal period)

80
Q

ultrasonography

A

provides image of developing fetus, also to obtain images of organs and tissues throughout body for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

81
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy located outside uterus

82
Q

labor

A

process by which child is expelled from uterus (from cervical dilation to placenta delivery) - stages = cervical dilation, fetus expulsion, placenta expulsion

83
Q

vaginal delivery

A

fetus and placenta are delivered normally through vagina

84
Q

cesarean section

A

surgical removal of fetus from uterus (when vaginal delivery is hazardous)

85
Q

gestation

A

pregnancy

from conception to birth

86
Q

expected date of delivery (EDD)

A

around 266 days from fertilization or 280 days from last menstrual period (LMP)

87
Q

para I, para II

A

number of pregnancies resulting in live births

88
Q

unipara

A

female who has given birth once

89
Q

nullipara

A

female who has never given birth to a viable offspring

90
Q

primigravida

A

woman who is pregnant for the first time

91
Q

Gravida I, II, III

A

woman who has been pregnant once, twice or three times

92
Q

fetal presentation

A

the part of the fetus that is touched by the examining finger through the cervix or has entered the mother’s lesser pelvis
cephalic presentation = most common, breech presentation = when butt, knees or feet are presented, shoulder/transverse presentation = long axis of baby’s body is across long axis of mothers body

93
Q

abruptio placentae

A

separation of placenta from uterine wall after 20 weeks or more or during labor, resulting often in severe hemorrhage

94
Q

amniocentesis

A

puncture of the amniotic sac to remove amniotic fluid (to detect abnormalities)

95
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

to reveal genetic abnormalities earlier than amniocentesis

96
Q

amniotomy

A

surgical rupture of the fetal membranes, to induce or expedite labor

97
Q

episiotomy

A

surgical procedure in which an incision is made to enlarge vaginal opening for delivery

98
Q

down syndrome

A

congenital condition where there are three chromosome 21 characterized by mental retardation. diagnosed by chorionic villus sampling, amniocenteses or other chromosomal studies

99
Q

fetal monitoring

A

abnormal presentation of placenta in uterus so that it covers opening at upper end of cervix

100
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

anemia of newborns with premature destruction of RBCs, resulting from incompatibility of maternal and fetal blood group
involves Rh factor and ABO blood groups

101
Q

areola

A

circular pigmented area of skin surrounding nipple

102
Q

mammography

A

diagnostic procedure to study the breast and diagnose breast cancer

103
Q

mastalgia, mastodynia, mammalgia

A

pain in the breast

104
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of the breast

105
Q

mastoptosis

A

saggingbreast

106
Q

mastopexy

A

surgical procedure to lift breasts

107
Q

augmentation mammoplasty

A

plastic surgery to increase size of breast (vs reduction mammoplasty)

108
Q

testes

A

male gonads responsible for producing sperm and hormones. Develop in the abdominal cavity of fetus and then descend through inguinal canal in scrotum after birth

109
Q

spermatozoa

A

mature male sex cells

110
Q

testosterone

A

male hormone produced by testes, brings about induction and maintenance of male secondary characteristics

111
Q

major male reproductive strutures

A

penis, testes, epididymis, scrotum, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, prostate, bulbourethral glands

112
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin, loose fold of skin covering lgans penis

113
Q

seminal vesicles

A

serve as reservoir for semen until discharge

114
Q

orchi/o, orchid/o

A

testes

115
Q

test/o, testicul/o

A

testes

116
Q

pen/o

A

penis

117
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate

118
Q

scrot/o

A

scrotum

119
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

120
Q

cryptorchidism

A

developmental defect in which one or both testes fails to descent into the scrotum

121
Q

orchitis or orchiditis

A

inflammation of testis

122
Q

testicular torsion

A

axial rotation of spermatic cord that cuts off blood supply to the testicle

123
Q

prostatitis

A

inflammation of prostate

124
Q

semin/o

A

semen

125
Q

spermat/o

A

sperm

126
Q

vaso

A

vessel or duct

127
Q

vasectomy

A

removal of all or part of a segment of vas deferens, usually bilaterally to produce sterility

128
Q

spermatozoon

A

nucleus has chromosomes, in the head - covered by chromosome which contains enzymes helping it penetrate ovum. Midpiece has mitochondria providing energy and tail (flagellum) provides propulsion.

129
Q

semen

A

seminal fluid. mixture of sperm cells and secretions

130
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH)

A

nonmalignant, noninflammatory enlargement of prostate extending it upward into bladder and obstructing urine

131
Q

prostatic carcinoma

A

slow progressing cancer of the prostate. Commonly detected by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and rectal palpation. Treatment is surgery, radiation therapy or hormones

132
Q

hydrocele

A

accumulation of fluid in a saclike cavity around testicle

133
Q

testicular torsion

A

twisted spermatic cord and blood vessels

134
Q

orchidectomy, orchiectomy

A

surgical removal of a testicle, to treat malignancy of testes

135
Q

orchidplasty

A

plastic surgery of testes, particularly surgery performed to correct an undescended testicle

136
Q

orchiopexy

A

surgical fixation of an undescended testicle in the scrotum

137
Q

orchiotomy

A

incision and drainage of a testicle

138
Q

prostatectomy

A

removal of all or part of the prostate

139
Q

transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)

A

removal of part of the prostate gland through an incision in the urethral wall
also transurethral resection

140
Q

transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT) or thermotherapy

A

treatment of BPH performed through urethra using microwave energy to selectively raise temperature and destroy prostatic tissue

141
Q

transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)

A

treatment of BPH performed through urethra using low-level radio frequency

142
Q

ablation

A

general term for excision or removal of a growth on any part of the body

143
Q

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

A

veneral diseases

can cause male urethritis, female lower GU tract infection and vaginitis

144
Q

chlamydial infection

A

treatable bacterial disease, treated by antibiotics

most common STD

145
Q

chancroid

A

painful ulceration of the genitals

146
Q

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

fatal late stage of infection with HIV and involves profound immunosuppression (lowered immune response). Defined by opportunistic infection and malignant tumors

147
Q

syndrome

A

set of signs and symptoms that are not necessarily caused by same disease

148
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

malignatn neoplasm usually occuring in people with AID

149
Q

viral hepatitis

A

inflammation condition of the liver caused by one of the hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E)
Hepatitis A and E not considered STDs (acquired by ingestion of contaminated food)
Hepatitis acquired through contaminated blood, sexual contact or contaminated needles

150
Q

trichomoniasis

A

protozoal infection asymptomatic in men but show symptoms in women (frothy white discharge)

151
Q

candidiasis

A

fungal infection that causes white patches and cheese-like discharge and vulvovaginitis

152
Q

pubic lice

A

parasites that cause severe itching, redness and inflmmation

153
Q

CS

A

cesarean section

154
Q

HBV, HCV, HDV

A

hepatitis viruses B, C and D

155
Q

HCG

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

156
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

157
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

158
Q

IUD

A

intrauterine device

159
Q

IVF

A

in vitro fertilization

160
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

161
Q

PID

A

pelvid inflammatory disease

162
Q

PSA

A

prostatic-specific antigen

HIMP 1170 (7 decks)

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