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HIMP 1170 > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers secreted by glands. effects directed toward target organ

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2
Q

exocrine glands

A

has ducts that releases the secretion directly onto body surface

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3
Q

endocrine

A

ductless that secrete directly into bloodstream

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4
Q

endocrine secretion control

A

in response to nervous system (nervous stimulation) or to hormones produced by pituitary gland (master gland)

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5
Q

major endocrine glands

A

pineal, pituitary (hypophysis), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes

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6
Q

pituitary gland

A

attached by stalk at base of brain

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7
Q

pineal gland

A

posterior part of brain (related to circadian rhythms and female ovaries)

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8
Q

thyroid

A

front of neck, bilateral lobes connected by strip of thyroid tissue
secrete hormones like thyroxine that contain iodine and increase cell metabolism

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9
Q

pancreas

A

elongated structure that has digestive (digestive juices) and endocrine functions (insulin) . Islets of Langerhans are endocrine cells

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10
Q

adrenal glands

A

lie above kidneys

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11
Q

ovaries and testicles

A

produce ova and sperm

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12
Q

parathyroid

A

located near thyroid and are embedded in the posterior surface of thyroid

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13
Q

aden/o

A

gland

e.g. adenoma

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14
Q

adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

e.g. adrenogram

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15
Q

andr/o

A

male or masculine

e.g. androgenic (producing male characteristics)

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16
Q

gigant/o

A

giant

e.g. gigantism (abnormal stature as a result of hypersecretion of growth hormones)

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17
Q

gonad/o

A

gonad

e.g. hypogonadism (increased gonadal function

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18
Q

insulin/o

A

insulin (allows glucose to leave bloodstream and enter c ells”)
e.g. hyperinsulinism

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19
Q

hyperinsulinism

A

excessive secretion of insulin by pancreas causing hypoglycemia
excess insulin removes too much glucose. Causes weakness ,headache, confusion, convulsion, coma, death

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20
Q

iod/o

A

iodine

e.g. idiotherapy

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21
Q

myx/o

A

mucous

e.g. myxedema

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22
Q

myxedema

A

hypofunciton of thyroid gland causing dry, waxy swelling of skin

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23
Q

adrenaline (epinephrine)

A

secreted by adrenals

stimulates fight or flight response, increased BP and cardiac output

24
Q

androgen (e.g. testosterone)

A

secreted by testicles

development and maintenance of male characteristics

25
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

secreted by pituitary

suppression of urine formation

26
Q

cortisone

A

secreted by adrenals

regulate metabolism

27
Q

estrogens (estradiol, estrone)

A

secreted by ovaries

prepare female genitalia to produce suitable area for implantation and embryo fertilization

28
Q

growth hormone

A

secreted by pituitary

stimulates body growth and maintains size

29
Q

insulin

A

secreted by pancreas

regulation of blood glucose by coordinating with other hormones

30
Q

thyroxine (containing iodine)

A

secreted by thyroid

cell metabolism

31
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

32
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

e.g. adrenal

33
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

e.g. hypothyroidism

34
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

e.g. thyrotoxicosis (morbid condition caused by excessive thyroid secretion. euthyroid = normal thyroid function)

35
Q

-gen

A

beginning, origin

e.g. androgen

36
Q

-physis

A

growth

e.g. hypophysis (another name for pituitary)

37
Q

-tropic

A

stimulate

e.g. gonadotropic

38
Q

-tropin

A

that which stimulates

39
Q

-uria

A

urine, urination

e.g. polyuria

40
Q

goiter

A

thyroid enlargement (part of hyperthyroidism)

41
Q

exophthalmos

A

protrusion of eyeballs (part of hyperthyroidism)

42
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

disorder associated with deficiency of ADH (which suppresses urine formation). Leads to polyuria and polydipsia

43
Q

polyuria

A

frequent urination

44
Q

polydipsia

A

increased thirst

45
Q

diabetest mellitus, type 1 and 2

A

insufficient or improper use of insulin
leads to polyuria and polydipsia
type 1 - requires insulin administration, proper diet and exercise
type 2 - controlled by diet, exercise, oral agents and sometimes insulin

46
Q

hyperglycemia

A

increased glucose blood levels

47
Q

glycosuria

A

sugar in urine

48
Q

acromegaly

A

acr/o = extremities
disorder with abnormal enlargemetn of skeletal extremities (nose, jaws, etc)
caused by hypersecretion of GH after maturity

49
Q

hyposecretion of GH

A

leads to dwarfism

50
Q

hypersecretion of GH

A

gigantism

51
Q

hypopituitarism

A

common cause is pituitary tumor

treatment is surgery or radiation to remove tumour followed by administration of deficient hormones

52
Q

antithyroid drugs

A

treatment of hyperthyroidism includes antithyroid drugs, destruction of thyroid tissue by surgery or radiation
antithyroid drugs block production of thyroid hormones

53
Q

andenectomy

A

removal of a gland

54
Q

thyroidectomy

A

removal of thyroid gland

55
Q

glucose-lowering agents

A

lower blood glucose

56
Q

hypophysectomy

A

surgical removal of pituitary gland

performed to excise a tumor or to slow the growth and spread of endocrine-dependent malignant tumors. last resort

57
Q

external insulin pump

A

delivers measured amount of insulin through abdominal wall at present intervals, through catheter or under the skin. continuous glucose monitoring through sensor

HIMP 1170 (7 decks)

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