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HIMP 1170 > Chapter 5 Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the musculoskeletal system

A 
protection of internal organs
support bones and ligaments
movement
hematopoiesis
storage fat and minerals
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2
Q

orthopedics

A

orth/o = straight
ped/o = child
medicine involved with corrections and prevention of deformities or diseases of the musculoskeletal system

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3
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle

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4
Q

crani/o

A

cranium

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5
Q

cost/o

A

costa

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6
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula

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7
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

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8
Q

rachi/o, spin/o

A

spine

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9
Q

spondy/o, vertebr/o

A

vertebrae

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10
Q

cervic/o

A

cervical

neck (with anterior curve)

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11
Q

throac/o

A

thoracic, upper back (contains posterior curve)

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12
Q

lumb/o

A 
lumbar
lower back ( small of the back)
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13
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

connects to pelvis

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14
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx

tailbone

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15
Q

humer/o

A

humerus

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16
Q

radi/o

A

radius

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17
Q

uln/o

A

ulna

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18
Q

carp/o

A

carpals

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19
Q

metacrap.o

A

metacarpals

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20
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges

toes or fingers

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21
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

illium, ischium, pubis

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22
Q

ili/o

A

ilium, where hands on hips

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23
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium, sit bones

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24
Q

pub/o

A

pubis, anterior portion of pubis

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25
Q

femor/o

A

femur

thigh

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26
Q

patell/o

A

patella

knee cap

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27
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

shin bone

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28
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

largest outer leg bone connecting to ankle

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29
Q

tars/o

A

tarsals

ankle bone

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30
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneus

heel

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31
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsals

next in series after tarsals

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32
Q

describe the vertebral column

A 
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
5 sacral vertebrae fused into one sacrum
4 coccygeal vertebrae fused into one coccyx
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33
Q

bones of the thorax

A

breastbone (sternum)
clavicle (collarbone)
ribs
thorax = cage of bone and cartilage containing principal organs of respiration and circulation

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34
Q

describe the thoracic cage

A

ribs are in pairs

12 on each side with 7 true ribs, 3 false and 2 floating

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35
Q

costal

A

pertaining to the ribs

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36
Q

intercostal

A

between the ribs

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37
Q

subcostal

A

below the ribs

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38
Q

sternocostal

A

referring to the sternum and ribs

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39
Q

vertebrocostal, costovertebral

A

referring to a rib and vertebrae

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40
Q

sacral

A

pertaining to the sacrum

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41
Q

scapular

A

pertaining to the scapula

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42
Q

ischial

A

pertaining to the ischium

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43
Q

carpal

A

pertaining to the wrist

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44
Q

carpectomy

A

excision of one or more bones of the wrist

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45
Q

carpal tunnel

A

passageway in the wrist through with nerves and flexor muscles pass

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46
Q

metacarpals

A

bones located between carpals and phalanges

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47
Q

osteoid

A

resembling bone

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48
Q

calcification, decalcification

A

process where tissue becomes hardened by deposits of calcium

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49
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff

e.g. ankylosis

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50
Q

arthr/o

A

articulation, joint

e.g. arthritis

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51
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

e.g. myasthenia gravis

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52
Q

burs/o

A

bursa - sacs of fluid locatedi n areas of friction

e.g. bursitis

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53
Q

calci/l

A

calcium

e.g. calcification

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54
Q

cellu/o

A

little cell or compartment

e.g. cellulitis

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55
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

e.g. costochondral

56
Q

de-

A

down, from or reversing

e.g. decalcification

57
Q

meta-

A

change or next in series

e.g. metatarsal

58
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of connective tissue

e.g. chondrosarcoma

59
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon - connects muscles to bone

60
Q

describe cartilage

A

dense connective tissue that covers the articular surfaces of joints

61
Q

my/o, muscul/o

A

muscle

62
Q

name three types of muscle

A

cardiac (in walls of the heart, involuntar)
smooth/visceral (in orgal walls, involuntary)
skeletal or striated (for movement, voluntary)

63
Q

fasci/o

A

fasci/o - covers muscle as protective sleeve

64
Q

synovial joints

A

cavities between articulating bones and are free movable

synovium = joing lining

65
Q

ligaments

A

strong connective tissue that connects bones or cartilage

adjective = ligamentous

66
Q

sprain

A

injury to joint causing pain and disability with varying levels of ligamentous damage

67
Q

myopathy

A

any disease involving muscle

68
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

69
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of the vertebrae

70
Q

radiodynia, rachialgia

A

painful spine

71
Q

tibilagia

A

pain of the tibia

72
Q

myelitis, osteomylelitis

A

inflammation of either spinal cord or bone marrow

73
Q

myeloencephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

74
Q

lumbago

A

dull, aching pain in lumbar region

75
Q

fibromyalgia

A

affect muscle and soft tissue, characterized by widespread and nonarticular pain of the torso, extremities and face

76
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

results from defect in nerve impulse conduction - symptoms include fatigue and muscle weakness

77
Q

herniated disk

A

stress and trauma injuries include herniated disk, commonly called slipped disk which results from rupture of cartilage between vertebrae

78
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of arms and legs

79
Q

paresis

A

slight or incomplete paralysis

80
Q

paraparesis

A

partial paralysis

81
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of bone from joing

82
Q

fracture

give the classifications

A

when bone breaks

complete or incomplete, open (compound, breaks the skin) or closed

83
Q

sprain

A

injury to a joint causing pain and disability

84
Q

strain

A

injury to the body from excessive use or stretch, or violent contraction

85
Q

cellulitis, myocellulitis

A

acute, spreading inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissue. When bone is involved = myocellulitis

86
Q

osteitis

A

bone inflammation

87
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

88
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of bone and cartilage

89
Q

sarcoma

A

carcinoma arising from connective tissue

90
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

carcinoma composed of masses of cartilage

91
Q

fibrosarcoma

A

malignancy that contains much fibrous tissue

92
Q

leukemia

A

chronic or acute disease of the blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow

93
Q

lymphocytic leukemia

A

involves bone marrow that normally forms lymphocytes

94
Q

multiple myeloma

A

characterized by presence of many tumor masses in the bone

95
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

taking fluid? from the bone marrow

96
Q

osteoporosis

A

-porosis = thinning of bone tissue

97
Q

osteomalacia

A

reversible skeletal disorder where there is a defect in mineralization of bone usually caused by vitamin D deficiency

98
Q

spondylomalacia

A

softening of the vertebrae

99
Q

osteitis deformans

A

involves chronic bone inflammation (skeletal disease of the elderly)

100
Q

spina bifida

A

malformations of spine involving defective closure of bones of the spine

101
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine

102
Q

kyphosis

A

hunchback, exaggerated curvature of the spine

103
Q

rheumatoid spondylitis, ankylosed

A

rheumatoid spondylitis causes inflammation of the cartilage between the vertebrae and can lead to an ankylosed spine

104
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of inherited disease characterized by weakness, atrophy of muscle and progressive disability and loss of strength

105
Q

tarsoptosis

A

flattening out of foot arch

106
Q

types of arthrities

A 
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
spondylarthritis
polyarthritis
gout
107
Q

rheumatism

A

general term for acute and chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness and stiffness of muscles and by pain in the joints

108
Q

arthralgia, arthrodynia

A

joint pain

109
Q

bursitis

A

bursa inflammation

110
Q

ankylosis

A

joint stiffness and immobility

111
Q

lupus erythematosus

A

autoimmune disease that involves connective tissues and can affect joints

112
Q

arthropathy

A

any joint disease

113
Q

reduction

A

putting broken fragments of bone into alignment

114
Q

closed reduction

A

reduction done without surgery

115
Q

open reduction

A

reduction done with surgery

116
Q

electrical bone stimulation

A

uses electric current to support calcium deposition, used when fractures heal slowly

117
Q

anti-osteoporotics

A

used to treat osteoporosis along with calcium therapy and vitamin D

118
Q

ostectomy

A

excising bone

119
Q

chondrectomy

A

excising cartilage

120
Q

costectomy

A

excising part or all of the rib

121
Q

carniectomy

A

excising a part of the skull

122
Q

craniotomy

A

incision through the skull to access the brain

123
Q

cranioplasty

A

plastic surgery to repair skull

124
Q

myoplasty

A

repair of muscles

125
Q

tenonmyoplasty

A

repair of tendons and muscles

126
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of bony posterior arch of a vertebrae

127
Q

diskectomy or discectomy

A

complete excision of an intervertebral disk

128
Q

bunionectomy

A

excision of a bunion

129
Q

arthrocentesis

A

extraction of excess fluid in a synovial joinit

130
Q

arthroplasy

A

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint

131
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

cancer treatment often induces myelosuppression (suppression of blood cells and platelet creation by bone marrow) - transplants used to stimulate normal production of blood

132
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease

133
Q

LE

A

lupus erythematosus

134
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

135
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

HIMP 1170 (7 decks)

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