Chapter 5 Musculoskeletal Flashcards
1
Q
functions of the musculoskeletal system
A
protection of internal organs support bones and ligaments movement hematopoiesis storage fat and minerals
2
Q
orthopedics
A
orth/o = straight
ped/o = child
medicine involved with corrections and prevention of deformities or diseases of the musculoskeletal system
3
Q
clavicul/o
A
clavicle
4
Q
crani/o
A
cranium
5
Q
cost/o
A
costa
6
Q
scapul/o
A
scapula
7
Q
stern/o
A
sternum
8
Q
rachi/o, spin/o
A
spine
9
Q
spondy/o, vertebr/o
A
vertebrae
10
Q
cervic/o
A
cervical
neck (with anterior curve)
11
Q
throac/o
A
thoracic, upper back (contains posterior curve)
12
Q
lumb/o
A
lumbar lower back ( small of the back)
13
Q
sacr/o
A
sacrum
connects to pelvis
14
Q
coccyg/o
A
coccyx
tailbone
15
Q
humer/o
A
humerus
16
Q
radi/o
A
radius
17
Q
uln/o
A
ulna
18
Q
carp/o
A
carpals
19
Q
metacrap.o
A
metacarpals
20
Q
phalang/o
A
phalanges
toes or fingers
21
Q
pelv/i
A
pelvis
illium, ischium, pubis
22
Q
ili/o
A
ilium, where hands on hips
23
Q
ischi/o
A
ischium, sit bones
24
Q
pub/o
A
pubis, anterior portion of pubis
25
femor/o
femur
| thigh
26
patell/o
patella
| knee cap
27
tibi/o
tibia
| shin bone
28
fibul/o
fibula
| largest outer leg bone connecting to ankle
29
tars/o
tarsals
| ankle bone
30
calcane/o
calcaneus
| heel
31
metatars/o
metatarsals
| next in series after tarsals
32
describe the vertebral column
```
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
5 sacral vertebrae fused into one sacrum
4 coccygeal vertebrae fused into one coccyx
```
33
bones of the thorax
breastbone (sternum)
clavicle (collarbone)
ribs
thorax = cage of bone and cartilage containing principal organs of respiration and circulation
34
describe the thoracic cage
ribs are in pairs
| 12 on each side with 7 true ribs, 3 false and 2 floating
35
costal
pertaining to the ribs
36
intercostal
between the ribs
37
subcostal
below the ribs
38
sternocostal
referring to the sternum and ribs
39
vertebrocostal, costovertebral
referring to a rib and vertebrae
40
sacral
pertaining to the sacrum
41
scapular
pertaining to the scapula
42
ischial
pertaining to the ischium
43
carpal
pertaining to the wrist
44
carpectomy
excision of one or more bones of the wrist
45
carpal tunnel
passageway in the wrist through with nerves and flexor muscles pass
46
metacarpals
bones located between carpals and phalanges
47
osteoid
resembling bone
48
calcification, decalcification
process where tissue becomes hardened by deposits of calcium
49
ankyl/o
stiff
| e.g. ankylosis
50
arthr/o
articulation, joint
| e.g. arthritis
51
-asthenia
weakness
| e.g. myasthenia gravis
52
burs/o
bursa - sacs of fluid locatedi n areas of friction
| e.g. bursitis
53
calci/l
calcium
| e.g. calcification
54
cellu/o
little cell or compartment
| e.g. cellulitis
55
chondr/o
cartilage
| e.g. costochondral
56
de-
down, from or reversing
| e.g. decalcification
57
meta-
change or next in series
| e.g. metatarsal
58
-sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
| e.g. chondrosarcoma
59
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon - connects muscles to bone
60
describe cartilage
dense connective tissue that covers the articular surfaces of joints
61
my/o, muscul/o
muscle
62
name three types of muscle
cardiac (in walls of the heart, involuntar)
smooth/visceral (in orgal walls, involuntary)
skeletal or striated (for movement, voluntary)
63
fasci/o
fasci/o - covers muscle as protective sleeve
64
synovial joints
cavities between articulating bones and are free movable
| synovium = joing lining
65
ligaments
strong connective tissue that connects bones or cartilage
| adjective = ligamentous
66
sprain
injury to joint causing pain and disability with varying levels of ligamentous damage
67
myopathy
any disease involving muscle
68
myalgia
muscle pain
69
spondylitis
inflammation of the vertebrae
70
radiodynia, rachialgia
painful spine
71
tibilagia
pain of the tibia
72
myelitis, osteomylelitis
inflammation of either spinal cord or bone marrow
73
myeloencephalitis
inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
74
lumbago
dull, aching pain in lumbar region
75
fibromyalgia
affect muscle and soft tissue, characterized by widespread and nonarticular pain of the torso, extremities and face
76
myasthenia gravis
results from defect in nerve impulse conduction - symptoms include fatigue and muscle weakness
77
herniated disk
stress and trauma injuries include herniated disk, commonly called slipped disk which results from rupture of cartilage between vertebrae
78
quadriplegia
paralysis of arms and legs
79
paresis
slight or incomplete paralysis
80
paraparesis
partial paralysis
81
dislocation
displacement of bone from joing
82
fracture
| give the classifications
when bone breaks
| complete or incomplete, open (compound, breaks the skin) or closed
83
sprain
injury to a joint causing pain and disability
84
strain
injury to the body from excessive use or stretch, or violent contraction
85
cellulitis, myocellulitis
acute, spreading inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissue. When bone is involved = myocellulitis
86
osteitis
bone inflammation
87
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
88
osteochondritis
inflammation of bone and cartilage
89
sarcoma
carcinoma arising from connective tissue
90
chondrosarcoma
carcinoma composed of masses of cartilage
91
fibrosarcoma
malignancy that contains much fibrous tissue
92
leukemia
chronic or acute disease of the blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow
93
lymphocytic leukemia
involves bone marrow that normally forms lymphocytes
94
multiple myeloma
characterized by presence of many tumor masses in the bone
95
bone marrow aspiration
taking fluid? from the bone marrow
96
osteoporosis
-porosis = thinning of bone tissue
97
osteomalacia
reversible skeletal disorder where there is a defect in mineralization of bone usually caused by vitamin D deficiency
98
spondylomalacia
softening of the vertebrae
99
osteitis deformans
involves chronic bone inflammation (skeletal disease of the elderly)
100
spina bifida
malformations of spine involving defective closure of bones of the spine
101
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
102
kyphosis
hunchback, exaggerated curvature of the spine
103
rheumatoid spondylitis, ankylosed
rheumatoid spondylitis causes inflammation of the cartilage between the vertebrae and can lead to an ankylosed spine
104
muscular dystrophy
group of inherited disease characterized by weakness, atrophy of muscle and progressive disability and loss of strength
105
tarsoptosis
flattening out of foot arch
106
types of arthrities
```
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
spondylarthritis
polyarthritis
gout
```
107
rheumatism
general term for acute and chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness and stiffness of muscles and by pain in the joints
108
arthralgia, arthrodynia
joint pain
109
bursitis
bursa inflammation
110
ankylosis
joint stiffness and immobility
111
lupus erythematosus
autoimmune disease that involves connective tissues and can affect joints
112
arthropathy
any joint disease
113
reduction
putting broken fragments of bone into alignment
114
closed reduction
reduction done without surgery
115
open reduction
reduction done with surgery
116
electrical bone stimulation
uses electric current to support calcium deposition, used when fractures heal slowly
117
anti-osteoporotics
used to treat osteoporosis along with calcium therapy and vitamin D
118
ostectomy
excising bone
119
chondrectomy
excising cartilage
120
costectomy
excising part or all of the rib
121
carniectomy
excising a part of the skull
122
craniotomy
incision through the skull to access the brain
123
cranioplasty
plastic surgery to repair skull
124
myoplasty
repair of muscles
125
tenonmyoplasty
repair of tendons and muscles
126
laminectomy
surgical removal of bony posterior arch of a vertebrae
127
diskectomy or discectomy
complete excision of an intervertebral disk
128
bunionectomy
excision of a bunion
129
arthrocentesis
extraction of excess fluid in a synovial joinit
130
arthroplasy
surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint
131
bone marrow transplant
cancer treatment often induces myelosuppression (suppression of blood cells and platelet creation by bone marrow) - transplants used to stimulate normal production of blood
132
DJD
degenerative joint disease
133
LE
lupus erythematosus
134
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
135
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
