reproductive system Flashcards
What are the primary sex organs (gonads) for male and female?
testes and ovaries
What is the tunica albuginea?
A Pouch in the testes. white sheath = albuginea
What is the tunica vaginalis?
sac-like pouch of peritoneum that kind of cups the testes
What are the semineferous tubes?
tubular structures filling up the tunica albuginea
What is the function of the semineferous tubes?
to produce sperm
Where does the sperm go after its made in the semineferous tubes?
goes into the striaght tubes and then into the rete testis
What is the rete testis?
a channeling pool where the sperm gets deposited after the straight tubes and then is directed towards the efferent ductule.
What is the efferent ductule?
tubes that lead the sperm into the head of the epididymis
What is the epididymis?
comma shaped structure that sits along the superior and posterior aspects of the testes
What is the ductus deferens?
after the epididymis takes a hair pin turn at the most inferior point, it becomes the ductus deferens or the vas deferens.
-travels up the spermatic cord. where sperm travels.
What is the scrotum?
where the testes are held.
a sac of skin and muscle.
What is the dartos muscle?
smooth muscle intimately associated with the skin of the scrotum. when contracted, it crinkles the skin to thicken the scrotum and brings in the testes closer.
What is the cremaster muscle?
bands of skeletal muscle that extend inferiorly from the internal oblique muscles of the trunk. elevates the testes. VOLUNTARY CONTROLE
How do the testes sit in the body?
one is lower than the other.
What is the pampiniform plexus?
counter-current heat exchange
a plexus of venous structures that are taking the heat away from the arterial blood coming down.
-occurs in the spermaticord.
What are the male accessory glands?
seminal vesicles (2)
- prostate gland (1)
- bulbourethral glands
Describe the travel of the vas deferens
goes up the spermaticord, travels anterior to the pubic crest keeps going and then goes towards the bladder and travels over the superior aspect of the bladder and makes its way to the posterior aspect of the bladder and then drops inferiorly.
What is the ampula of the vas deferens?
an enlargement of the vas deferens at the posterior inferior end of the bladder.
How many ampula of the vas deferens do we have?
2 because we have 2 testes, 2 vas deferens
What combines with the ampula of the vas deferens? and what do the form?
the seminal vesicle; the ejaculatory duct we have two of them
Where do the two ejaculatory ducts dump into?
the prostatic urethra
What erectile tissue does the urethra travel through?
the corpus spongiosum
Where is the bulbourethral gland and what is its function?
found at the base of the penis (base of the erectile tissue) and it will produce a slippery slimy substance that will neutralize the acidic nature of the urethra due to the passage of urine.
Where does most of the liquid that represents semen coming from?
seminal vesicles
Directional terminology of the penis is always in reference to what?
an erect penis
-ventrum is the bottom part of the penis and the dorsal side is the top part of the penis.
What are the components of the root of the penis?
right and left crura and the bulb of the penis
Describe the shaft of the penis
The external portion of the penis.
contains the enlarged tip which is the gland penis
and the prepuce, which if your circumsized you do not have.
What does crura mean?
leg
The crura of the root of the penis are continuous with what structures?
the corpora cavernosum on either side of the penis
the bulb of the penis is continuous with what structure?
the corpora spongiosum
Describe the erectile tissue inside of the penis
it is CT tubes made of tunica albuginea type of tissue with a sponge like network of smooth muscle filled with CT and vascular spaces
Describe the Corpus spongiosum
Contains the bulb of the penis, forms the glans of the penis and is secured to the urogenital diaphragm with skeletal muscle
Describe the corpora cavernosum
secured to the pubic arch and forms the crura of the penis proximally.
Where are the ovaries pressed up agains?
the ovarian fossa of the iliac fossa
Describe the anatomy of the ovary?
has a medulla (all of the vessels) and a cortex (find the developing cells).
has an outer layer which is the tunica albuginea
Describe the uterine tube
smooth muscle tube completely lined with ciliated epithelium
What portion of the fallopian (uterine) tube is attached to the uterus?
the isthmus – the narrowest portion of the tube
Where does the ampula of the fallopian tube terminate?
at the infundibulum
What are fimbrae? function?
fingerlike projections that are not cillia nor microvilla, much larger than those, hanging off of the infundibulum.
-fimbrae have cillia on top and their job is to swish the extracellular fluid to bring in the ovum.
The body of the uterus is going to narrow up and become what?
The cervix.
What is the arrangement of the smooth muscle in the uterus?
swirling types
As you approach the cervix, how does the tissue change?
it is almost cartilaginous in nature
What is the name of the lumen running through the cervix?
the cervical canal
What do you call the openings in the cervix?
the internal and external Ose
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Perimytrium, myometrium, endometrium
Describe the perimetrium?
an extension of the peritoneum that drapes over the top of the uterus. serous membrane
Describe the myometrium
thick layer of smooth muscle
Describe the endometrium
-mucosal lining of the uterus
-has two layers
functional layer: nearest the lumen and sheds during menstration
basal layer: forms new functional layer following mensturation
What ligament is helping suspend the ovaries and uterus?
the broad ligament – ovarian ligament and round ligament
What are the names of the peritoneum that drapes over and covers the ovaries and uterus and helping suspend it
The mesosalpinx is associated with the fallopian tube
the mesometrium is asscoaited with the uterus
the mesovarian is associated with the ovaries
What is the purpose of the rugae of the vagina?
to stimulate the penis during intercourse
What is the mons pubis?
the fat pad that sits right in front of the pubic symphysis
What is the prepuce of the clitoris?
Where the labia minor and majora combine anteriorly
What is the vestibule of the vulva
a recess that is enclosed by the labia minora
Where can you find the external urethral orifice
Posterior to the clitoris
What are the tiny puncture holes on the lateral sides of the vaginal orifice?
openings for the duct of the greater vestibular gland
What type of erectile tissue is found in the clitoris
corpora cavernosa
What is the function of the bulbs of the vestibule?
during external stimulation, these bulbs will fill with blood and close off the urethral orifice.
-also known for holding onto the penis during intercourse
What is the function of the greater vestibular gland?
it’s job is to secrete a slippery type of lubrication to receive the penis and not have any tearing in the vagina.
