Reproductive System

Question 0

What is the tunica albuginea

Answer 0

A thick layer of connective tissue surrounding each testis. (Different than the scrotum; the scrotum is the skin/pouch ENCASING the testes)

Question 1

What are Leydig cells and where are they located

Answer 1

They lie in groups in the interstitial space of the seminiferous tubules of the testes and they manufacture androgen

Question 2

What are the 4 phases of the endometrial cycle

Answer 2

The proliferative phase, the secretory phase, ischemic (premenstrual) phase, and the menstrual phase.

Question 3

What hormone do Leydig cells secrete

Answer 3

Testosterone

Question 4

What hormones do theca cells synthesize?

Answer 4

Androgens

Question 5

What hormones do granulosa cells synthesize?

Answer 5

Estrogen, Inhibin

Question 6

What hormones do Sertoli cells synthesize?

Answer 6

Estradiol (Estrogen), Inhibin

Question 7

What is the female equivalent of the Sertoli cell in a male?

Answer 7

Granulosa cell

Question 8

What is the female equivalent of the Leydig cell in a male?

Answer 8

Theca cell

Question 9

What is whole body action?

Answer 9

When gonadal hormones act to

1) stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics
2) carry out feedback regulation of the secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus and gonadotropins by the anterior pituitary
3) develop characteristic body shape and some functions
4) support the fetus early in pregnancy

Question 10

What is local action?

Answer 10

When the gonadal hormones act within the gonads as paracrines and autocrines to stimulate development of mature ova and spermatozoa

Question 11

What are the rete testis?

Answer 11

a maze of interconnecting tubules in the scrotal cavity

Question 12

What are the three functions of the epididymis?

Answer 12

1) Minitors and adjusts the composition of the tubular fluid
2) Absorbs damaged spermatozoa
3) Stores spermatozoa and facilitates their functional maturation

Question 13

What happens during the Proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 13

Endometrium thickens in response to estrogen secreted by the ovaries

Question 14

What happens during the Secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 14

under the influence of progsterone secreted by the corpus luteum, glands develop and secrete mucus

Question 15

What happens during the Ischemic phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 15

If no embryo arrives, the corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone is withdrawn, vasometer spasms occur

Question 16

What happens during the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 16

layer of endometrium sheds, vagina bleeds like a bitch, menst-fucking-ruation occurs.

Question 17

What are the three primary germ layers that developed from the inner cell mass

Answer 17

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 18

What tissues/organs systems does the ectoderm give rise to

Answer 18

Nervous system
portions of most sensory organs
lens of the eye
adrenal medulla
posterior pituitary gland
epidermis and its derivatives (hair nails sebaceous and sweat glands)
epithelial lining of the anus and nasal and oral cavity’s

Question 19

What tissues/organs systems does the mesoderm give rise to

Answer 19

All muscle tissue (smooth skeletal cardiac)
skeletal tissue 
other connective tissues
blood vessels 
dermis 
bone marrow 
lymphatic tissue 
kidneys and ureters 
gonads and gonadal ducts 
adrenal cortex 
endothelial lining of blood and lymph vessels

Question 20

What tissues/organs systems does the endoderm give rise to

Answer 20

Epithelial lining of the digestive, urinary, and respiratory tracts
epithelial lining of the vagina 
liver
pancreas 
thyroid 
parathyroid 
thymus 
anterior pituitary

Question 21

List six differences between men and women

Answer 21

Patterns of body and pubic 
hair females have wider pelvises
males larynx is larger 
males have greater bone mass 
females have a greater ratio of fat mass to total body weight 
males have a greater ratio of muscle mass to bodyweight 
different patterns of fat deposition 
behavior and sex drive 
males have higher rbc's 
females have breasts in memory glands