Human Genetics

Question 0

A gene consists of 2 major regions, name them

Answer 0

Coding region (codes for the protein master sequence)

Regulatory region (concerned with the regulation of gene expression)

Question 1

What are the 3 components of a nucleotide

Answer 1

Nitrogenous base
Deoxyribose (a pentose sugar)
Phosphate groups

Question 2

Explain introns and exons

Answer 2

Both are transcribed but introns are cut out

Question 3

Describe the process of transcription

Answer 3

DNA double helix is unwound, The enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a small sequence of DNA(the promoter element) close to the coding region. RNA polymerase then tracks along the DNA strand reading off the nucleotide sequence and running off a complementary strand of mRNA

Question 4

What nitrogenous base replaces thymine in RNA

Answer 4

Uracil

Question 5

What is a codon

Answer 5

A group of three nucleotides representing an amino acid of a protein

Question 6

Describe the process of translation

Answer 6

Lab notebook page 68

Question 7

What is chromatin

Answer 7

A single molecule of double helical DNA wound around histones

Question 8

Where do you find telomeres and what is their function

Answer 8

The ends of the chromosomes
They function to ensure proper replication of the ends of chromosomes and to protect the ends of chromosomes from degradation

Question 9

Somatic cells are diploid, what does this mean

Answer 9

They have two gnomes and 46 chromosomes