Reproductive System Flashcards

0
Q

Sexual attraction

A

The first step in the mating behavior of many animals in which animals emit stimuli that attract members of the opposite sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the 4 stages of reproductive behavior?

A

Sexual attraction, appetitive behavior, copulation, postcopulatory behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Appetitive behaviors

A

Species specific behaviors of mutual attraction that help establish or maintain sexual interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Proceptive

A

Referring to a state in which an animal advertises it’s readiness to mate through species typical behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Copulation

A

Coitus, sexual act. Third stage of mating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intromission

A

Insertion of the erect penis into the vagina during copulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vagina

A

The opening from the outside of the body to the cervix and uterus in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ejaculation

A

The forceful expulsion of semen from the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Semen

A

Mixture of fluid including sperm that is released during ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Refractory phase

A

Period following copulation during which an individual cannot recommended copulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coolidge effect

A

Propensity of an animal that appears sexually satiated with a present partner to resume sexual activity when provided with a new partner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sexually receptive

A

Referring to the state in which an individual is willing to copulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Estrus

A

Period during which the female animals are sexually receptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Postcopulatory behavior

A

The final stage in mating behavior. Ex. Rolling, grooming, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Copulatory lock

A

Reproductive behavior in which the males penis swells after ejaculation so it can’t yet be removed from the vagina. Occurs in dogs and mice not humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gamete

A

A sex cell that contains only unpaired chromosomes and therefore has only half of the usual number of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sperm

A

Male gamete that fertilizes eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ovum

A

Female gamete, egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ovulation

A

The production and release of an egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lordosis

A

Female receptive posture facilitating Intromission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Activational effect

A

A temporary change in behavior resulting from the administration of a hormone to an adult animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)

A

Region involved in eating and sexual receptivity (female lordosis)

23
Q

Periaqueductal gray

A

Midbrain region surrounding the cerebral aqueduct that connects the third and fourth ventricles; involved in reproductive behaviors

24
Medial pew optic area (mPOA)
Region implicated in male copulatory behavior.
25
Vomeronasal organ (VNO)
Specialized receptor cells near to but separate from the olfactory epithelium that detect pheromones in rodents
26
Medial Amygdala
Receives olfactory and pheromonal info and processes it into sexual receptivity
27
Parabiotic
Refers to surgical preparation that joins two animals to share a single blood supply exposing them both to the same hormones
28
Orgasm
Climax of sexual behavior marked by pleasurable sensations
29
Phallus
The clitoris or penis
30
Penis
Male phallus
31
Clitoris
Female phallus
32
Sexual differentiation
Process by which individuals develop either malelike or femalike bodies and behavior
33
Sex determination
Establishes whether a fetus will develop as a male or female
34
Indifferent gonads
Undifferentiated gonads of the early mammalian fetus which will eventually develop into testes or ovaries
35
SRY gene
Gene on the Y chromosome that directs the developing gonads to become testes. (Sex determining Region on the Y chromosome)
36
Genital tubercle
In the early fetus, a bump between legs that can develop into a clitoris or a penis
37
Wolffian duct
A duct system in embryo that will develop into male reproductive structures if testes are present.
38
Müllerian duct
Duct system in embryo that will develop into female reproductive structures if testes are not present.
39
What2 systems promote male fetal reproductive development?
Testosterone from the testes and anti mullerian hormone
40
Anti mullerian hormone (AMH)
Protein hormone secreted by fetal testes that inhibits Müllerian duct development
41
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Metabolite of testosterone that is responsible for masculinization of external genitalia in mammalian sexual differentiation (scrotum, penis, etc)
42
5-alpha-reductase
An enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone
43
Turners syndrome
Carrying a single X chromosome but no other sex chromosome. Apparent female with underdeveloped ovaries
44
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
Genetic mutations that cause female fetus to be exposed to adrenal androgens resulting in partial masculinization at birth
45
Intersex
Individual with atypical genital development and sexual differentiation that resembles intermediate between typical male and female genitals
46
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
Mutations of the androgen receptor gene that renders it insensitive to androgenic hormones like testosterone. Affected XY individuals are phenotypic females but have internal testes and regressed internal genitalia
47
Guevedoces
Literally "eggs at 12". Nickname for individuals who are raised as girls but at puberty change genital appearance and begin behaving as boys
48
Sexual dimorphism
Condition in which males and female of the same species show sex differences in appearance
49
Organizational effect
A permanent alteration of the nervous system, this permanent change in behavior resulting from the action of a steroid hormone on an animal early in its development
50
POA
Preoptic area
51
Sexually dimorphic nucleus of the POA
Region that is five to six times larger in volume in male rats than in females. Testicular androgens somehow alter this development
52
Spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB)
A group of motoneurons in the spin cord of rags that Innervate striated muscles controlling the penis
53
Onufs nucleus
Human homolog of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus in rats.
54
What are two developmental influences that could shape human sexual orientation?
Sociocultural and fetal testosterone exposure
55
Fraternal birth order effect
A phenomenon in human populations such that the more older biological brothers a boy has, the more likely he is to develop a homosexual orientation