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Bio 30 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is puberty and what is it controlled by?

A

Point in development where reproduction is possible and it’s controlled by the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus

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2
Q

What is the pathway of sperm?

A

Testes (seminiferous tubules) –> epididymus (maturation of sperm) –> vas deferens –> ejaculatory duct –> urethra

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3
Q

What are the three glands in the male reproductive system

A

Seminiferous tubules, prostate gland, cowper’s gland

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4
Q

What do the seminiferous tubules do?

A

secrete fructose and prostaglandins (60%)

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5
Q

What does the prostate gland do?

A

Secrete an alkaline fluid (20%) and it’s under the bladder

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6
Q

What does the Cowper’s gland do?

A

produce a pre-ejaculate that clears out the urethra

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7
Q

Where do sperm mature?

A

Epididymus

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8
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

inside seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

What type of nurse cells nourish and aid in sperm production

A

Sertoli cells

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Where does the ovum develop?

A

In the ovary

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12
Q

How is the ovum guided into the oviducts?

A

By the fimbria

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13
Q

Where does fertilization occur and where does implantation occur?

A

Fertilization occurs in the oviduct and implantation 5 days later in the uterus

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14
Q

What is the outer, muscular layer of the uterus called?

A

Myometrium

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15
Q

What is the inner, blood vessel rich layer of the uterus called?

A

Endometrium

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16
Q

During child birth how does the baby leave the uterus ?

A

Through the cervix and travels down the vagina before reaching the outside world

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17
Q

What is the pathway of an ovum out of the body?

A

Ovary —> oviduct —> uterus —> cervix —> vagina

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18
Q

What are the two functions of the ovaries?

A

Forms ova, produces sex hormones

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19
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Egg formation

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20
Q

What is the name of the beginning cell?

A

Primary oocyte

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21
Q

What is the name of the structure left inside the ovary during oogenesis?

A

Corpus luteum

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22
Q

What days does flow occur and what is happening?

A

Days 1-5 and it’s the shedding of endometrium

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23
Q

What hormones are peaking during flow

A

None

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24
Q

What days does the follicular phase occur and what is happening?

A

Days 6-13, The development of follicles, egg maturation, estrogen builds to the endometrium

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25
Q

What hormones are peaking during the follicular phase?

A

Estrogen and FSH

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26
Q

What day does ovulation occur and what is happening?

A

Day 14 and the egg bursts from the ovary

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27
Q

What hormone is peaking during ovulation

A

LH

28
Q

What days does the luteal phase occur and what is happening?

A

Days 15-28
-occurs after ovulation when follicle becomes the corpus luteum which secrets progesterone
- if no fertilization occurs corpus luteum degenerates into the corpus Albicans

29
Q

What hormones are peaking during the luteal phase?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

30
Q

What are some of the functions of estrogen?

A

Secondary sex characteristics and negative feedback to suppress FSH

31
Q

What two cells are present in the testes and what are their functions?

A

Sertoli cells - nourish developing sperm
Interstitial cells - produce testosterone

32
Q

What is the acrosome?

A

The head, contains enzymes to penetrate the egg

33
Q

What is the name of the beginning cells in spermatogenesis?

A

Spermatogonia

34
Q

What gland secretes FSH?

A

Anterior pituitary

35
Q

What does FSH target and what are its actions?

A

Ovaries (follicle) - stimulates follicle development and estrogen release
Testes (sertoli cells) - Sertoli cells stimulate spermatogenesis

36
Q

What mechanism controls the secretion of FSH?

A

GnRH

37
Q

What gland secretes LH?

A

Anterior pituitary

38
Q

What’s the target and action of LH?

A

Ovaries - stimulates ovulation, corpus luteum formation, estrogen and progesterone release
Testes (interstitial cells) - stimulate testosterone production

39
Q

What mechanism controls the secretion of LH?

A

GnRH

40
Q

What gland secretes testosterone?

A

Testis

41
Q

What’s the target of testosterone?

A

Testis (Sertoli cells) many other tissues

42
Q

What’s the action of testosterone?

A

Supports spermatogenesis, develops and maintains secondary sex characteristics, sex drive, bone growth, muscle development, facial hair etc.

43
Q

What mechanism controls the secretion of testosterone?

A

LH

44
Q

What gland produces estrogen (follicle and corpus luteum)

A

Ovary

45
Q

What’s the target and action of estrogen?

A

Uterus and many other cells
Develops and maintains secondary sex characteristics, thickening of endometrium in preproduction for pregnancy

46
Q

What mechanism controls the secretion of estrogen?

A

FSH

47
Q

What gland secretes progesterone (corpus luteum)

A

Ovary

48
Q

What’s the action of progesterone?

A

Promotes continued growth of endometrium, prevents ovulation, prevents uterine contractions

49
Q

What mechanism controls the secretion of Progesterone?

A

LH

50
Q

What is a zygote?

A

Single cell

51
Q

What is the 16 cell stage called?

A

A morula

52
Q

At what point does a blastocyst occur and what’s happening?

A

Hollow and around 128 cells (day 5-7) implants in endometrium

53
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

The formation of 3 primary germ layers that from all the organs in the embryo

54
Q

What is the order of human development?

A

Fertilization —> zygote —> morula —> blastocyst—> gastrulation —> embryo —> fetus —> birth

55
Q

When does the fetal period start?

A

After week 9, remainder of first trimester, second and third trimester

56
Q

What does the chorion become?

A

Placenta

57
Q

What does the allantois become?

A

Umbilical cord

58
Q

What does the amnion become?

A

Amniotic sac

59
Q

What does the yolk sac become?

A

The beginning of the digestive tract and first blood cells

60
Q

Ectoderm (outer)

A

Skin, nervous system

61
Q

Mesoderm (middle)

A

Circulatory system, muscles, internal reproductive organs

62
Q

Endoderm (inner)

A

Linning of the digestive and respiratory system and bladder

63
Q

What makes HCG (human choronic gonadotropin)

A

Made by the chorion later or placenta

64
Q

What does relaxin do?

A

Cause the ligaments in pelvis to loosen

65
Q

What produces oxytocin and where is it stored and released?

A

Produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary

Bio 30 (4 decks)

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