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Bio 30 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the hypothalamus’s target?

A

Anterior pituitary

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2
Q

What’s the action of the hypothalamus and what hormones does it release?

A

Regulates release of pituitary hormones and hypothalamic releasing hormones

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3
Q

What hormone does the posterior pituitary release?

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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4
Q

What does ADH target and whats its action?

A

Kidneys and the reabsorbtion of H20

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5
Q

Whats the mechanism controlling secretion for ADH

A

Hypothalamus (neurons) based on salt balance in blood

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6
Q

Which gland produces TSH (Thyroid stimulating gland)

A

Anterior pituitary

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7
Q

What is the target of TSH and what’s its action?

A

Thyroid gland and it’s stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine

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8
Q

What gland secretes ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

A

Anterior pituitary

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9
Q

What does ACTH target?

A

The adrenal cortex

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10
Q

What does ACTH do?

A

Stimulates the release of cortisol (long term stress)

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11
Q

What does the growth hormone target?

A

Body cells ( long muscles / bones )

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12
Q

What’s the action of the growth hormone?

A

Increases cell division (mitosis)

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13
Q

What gland produces growth hormones?

A

Anterior pituitary

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14
Q

What’s the mechanism controlling secretion for all the hormones in the anterior pituitary?

A

Releasing hormones from hypothalamus

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15
Q

what hormone does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

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16
Q

Whats the target of epinephrine and it’s action?

A

Many body cells and it’s the fight or flight response (short term stress)

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17
Q

What controls the release of epinephrine?

A

Hypothalamus controls releasing hormones (sympathetic neurons)

18
Q

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

Cortisol and aldosterone

19
Q

What are the targets of cortisol?

A

Liver and muscle cells

20
Q

What’s the action of cortisol?

A

Converts amino acids into glucose, increases blood glucose, and it reduces muscle inflammation

21
Q

What mechanism controls the release of cortisol?

A

ACTH stimulates release

22
Q

What gland secretes aldosterone?

A

The adrenal cortex

23
Q

What’s the target of aldosterone?

A

Kidneys

24
Q

What’s the action of aldosterone?

A

Reabsorbtion of Na+ which raises the BP

25
Q

What mechanism controls the secretion of aldosterone?

A

Na+/k+ levels in blood

26
Q

Which gland produces insulin and glucagon?

A

The pancreas

27
Q

What’s the target of insulin and what are each of their actions?

A

Body cells - uptake glucose in cells
liver - convert glucose into glycogen

28
Q

What’s the mechanism controlling the release of insulin

A

High blood glucose ( after eating carbs )

29
Q

What does glucagon target?

A

Liver

30
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

Converts glycogen back into glucose

31
Q

What mechanism controls the secretion of glucagon?

A

Low blood glucose (after fasting/exercise)

32
Q

What gland produces thyroxine?

A

The thyroid gland

33
Q

What’s thyroxines target and what’s its action?

A

Body cells and it increases cellular respiration ( increases metabolism )

34
Q

What’s the mechanism controlling secretion of thyroxine?

A

TSH from anterior pituitary

35
Q

Which gland produces calcitonin?

A

Thyroid gland

36
Q

What is the target and action of calcitonin?

A

Bones - store Ca+ in bones
Kidney- Inhibit reabsorbtion of Ca+
Gut - inhibit absorbtion of Ca+
All decreasing blood Ca+ levels

37
Q

What mechanism controls the secretion of Calcitonin

A

Increased blood Ca+ levels

38
Q

What gland produces the parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

The parathyroid gland

39
Q

What’s the target and action of pth?

A

Bones - release Ca+ from bones
Kidney - promotes Ca+ reabsorbtion
Gut - promotes Ca+ absorption
All increasing Ca+ levels in blood

40
Q

What mechanism controls the secretion of PTH?

A

Decreased blood Ca+ levels

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