reproductive system Flashcards
Benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH
 BPH can significantly impaired outflow of urine from the bladder,making a client susceptible to infection and retention.
excessive amount of urine retained can cause reflux of urine into the kidney, dilating the ureter and causing kidney infections
BPH symptoms
urinary frequency, urgency, incomplete emptying of the bladder, urinary hesitancy, urinary incontinence, dribbling post voiding,
nocturia, diminished force of urinary stream, straining with urination, and painless hematuria.
BPH teaching
teaching:Avoid drinking large amount of fluids at one time.
Urinate when the urge is initially felt.
avoid bladder stimulants, such as alcohol and caffein.
Avoid medication that causes decreased bladder tone, such as anticholinergics,decongestants , and antihistamines.
Transurethral resection of the prostate TURP
CBI: continuous bladder irrigation-indwelling three-way catheter.
The rate of CBI is adjusted to keep the irrigation written pink or lighter.
If the catheter becomes obstructed (bladder spasm, reduce irrigation outflow),turn off the CBI and irrigate with the 50 ML of irrigation solution using a large piston syringe.
Contact the surgeon if unable to dislodge the clot.
Record the amount of irrigating solution instilled (generally very large volumes) and the amount of returns.The difference he wants you to note for equal urine output
Avoid kinks in the tubing
Hysterectomy
A Hysterectomy is the removal of uterus. A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is removal of ovaries ovaries and fallopian tubes. three methods of performing hysterectomy. Abdominal approach, also known as say total abdominal hysterectomy. Vaginal approach (TVA)a Laproscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy(LAVH)
Hypophysectomy
Removal of pituitary gland. Monitor and correct electrolytes, especially sodium potassium and chloride.
monitor and adjust serum glucose level.maintain intake and output.
Monitor ECG. Protect the client from developing an infection.
Use caution to prevent fraction
monitor for bleeding. The client may have nasal packing postoperatively and need to Breathe through his mouth. Monitor nasal drainage for CSF leak (halo sign, glucose+)
*numbness at the surgical site and a diminished sense of smell may be experienced to 3 to 4 months after surgery.
Assess neurological condition every hour for the first 24 hours and then every 4hrs. Administer glucocorticoids it to prevent an abrupt drop in cortisol level
-avoid increased ICP (stool softeners, no bending over waist, cough,blowing,sneezing)
Avoid toothbrush for 10 days-might distrub sutures.
Deficiency of ADH causes diabetes insipidis
Deficiency of ADH causes diabetic insipidus.
Diabetic Inspidus is characterized by the exertion of a large quantity of diluted urine, excessive thirst, Excessive fluid intake.
Types of diabetes insipidus
Neurogenic (also known as central or primary)-caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland from trauma, irradiation, or cranial surgery.
Neurogenic inherited;renal tubules do not reach to ADH.
Drug Induced-lithium carbonate(Lithobid)or Demeclocycline(Declomycin), May alter the way the kidneys respond to ADH

Diabetes insipidus signs and symptoms
Polyuria: (abrupt onset a full excessive urination , Urine output of 4 to20L/day of dilute urine). Polydipsia:(excessive thirst, consumption of 2 to 20 L per day)
nocturia Fatigue : dehydration as evidenced by extreme thirst, weight loss, muscle weakness, headache, constipation, and dizziness.
Sunken eyes , tachycardia hypertension
Loss or absence of skin turgor, dry mucous membranes.
test water deprivation test
This is an easy and reliable diagnostic test. Dehydration is induced by withholding fluids.
urine output is measured and tested hourly
Nursing care for diabetes insipidus
Monitor vital signs ,urine output,central venous pressure, intake and output, specific gravity, and laboratory studies (low urine specific gravity,high serum osmolarity).
Weight daily .
Promote the prescribed diet(regular diet with restriction for foods that extra diuretic effect, such as caffeine)
IV therapy-hydration (intake and out put must be matched to prevent dehydration), and electrolyte replacement
Diabetes insipidus promote safety
Keeps bedside rails up,and while client in bed, and provide assistance with ambulation due to dizziness and weakness. Ensure access to bathroom or bedpan 
Add bulk foods and fruit juices,to the diet if constipation develops. A laxative may needed
assess skin turgor,and mucous membranes.
Provide skin and mouth care,and apply a lubricant to cracked or sore lips 
Use asoft brush and mild mouthwash to avoid trauma to the oral mucosa
Use alcohol free and skin care products, and apply emollient lotion after baths.
Encourage the client to drink fluids in response to thirst.
Diabeties inspidus medication and education
Administer medication as prescribed – ADH replacement , Synthetica vasopressin(Desmopressin). carbamazepine anticonvulsant which is stimulate release ofADH.
Encourage the client to drink fluids in response to thirst.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
In SIADH, the kidneys retain water and urine output decreases.
Early manifestation of SIADH:: headache, weakness, anorexia, muscle cramps, weight gain.
Increased the water reabsorption and intravascular volume, which results in dilutional hyponatremia And high urine sodium level.
Severe neurological dysfunction (example confusion,Seizures) can occur when serum sodium drops below 120mEq//l(120mmol/l)
SIADH in serum sodium level decreases 
The client experiences personality changes, hostility, sluggish deep tendon reflexes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and oliguria.
Malignant lung tumors:(SIADH complication) common Cause of syndrome inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretions(SIADH)
