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cell unit > reproductive sys > Flashcards

reproductive sys Flashcards

1
Q

what are the gametes in females? males?

A

eggs and sperm

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2
Q

spermatozoa ?

A

mature sperm

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3
Q

3 segments of sperm?

A

head
middle piece
tail

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4
Q

where is the acrosome cap and what does it do?

A

in the sperm head and it has digestive enzymes that help enter the eggs and share the 23 chromosomes

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5
Q

which sperm part contain the mitochondria and why?

A

the middle part to fuel the flagellum for propulsion

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6
Q

why do the unsuccessful sperm die?

A

due to the acidity in the vagina or the lack of energy to survive over 48h

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7
Q

where does spermatogenesis take place?

A

in the testes

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8
Q

what’s the produce male sex hormone ?

A

testes

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9
Q

what are gonads?

A

the structure that produce the gametes

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10
Q

where are sperm kept?

A

in the scrotum

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11
Q

why are the testes outside the body ?

A

because less heat is better for sperm production

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12
Q

seminiferous tubules?

A

lobules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place

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13
Q

where is spermatogonia initially produced?

A

in the seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

how many times does the spermatogonia undergo change and what are they?

A

3 times
mitosis and 2 rounds of meiosis

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15
Q

are spermatogonia haploid or diploid initially?

A

diploid

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16
Q

two important types of cells in the testes ?

A

sertoli cells
interstitial cells

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17
Q

where are Sertoli cells found? function?

A

in the seminiferous tubules
responsible for supporting, nourishing and regulating spermatogenic cells

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18
Q

where are interstitial cells found? function?

A

between seminiferous tubules
responsible for recreating androgens ( male sex hormone)

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19
Q

where is the epididymus? function?

A

exterior of the testes
immature sperm cells stores to mature

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20
Q

function of vas defers?

A

temporary storage of sperm
passageway for sperm to the urethra

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21
Q

what’s is semen or semi fluid?

A

medium that carry sperm

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22
Q

what adds substances into the semen ?

A

testes - sperm
seminal vesicle - fructose
prostate gland - bicarbonate solution
coppers gland - lubricating fluid

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23
Q

hormone in semen? and cause?

A

prostaglandin
cause uterine contractions in the female

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24
Q

what does the penis mostly contain?

A

spongy erectile tissue

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25
Q

what causes an erection?

A

the spongy erectile tissue in the penis filling up with blood

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26
Q

what structure does the penis end with?

A

bell shaped region called glans penis

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27
Q

what is foreskin?

A

layer of skin that covers the gland penis at birth

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28
Q

what causes sperm to enter the urethra ?

A

continuous stimulation of the glans penisD

29
Q

what happens during an orgasm?

A

rhythmic muscular contraction that ejaculates the semen

30
Q

where does hormone regulation occur in males?

A

pituitary gland
testes

31
Q

what regulates the testes?

A

hypothalamus > pituitary> testes

32
Q

main androgen in males?

A

testosterone

33
Q

differences that occur due to testosterone?

A

broad shoulders
height
more hair
more muscle development
larger larynx

34
Q

female gonads?

A

ovaries

35
Q

where r ovaries?

A

lower stomach

36
Q

function of ovaries?

A

contain and develop eggs before releasing them to the oviduct

37
Q

another name for the oviduct?

A

fallopian tubes

38
Q

what lines the uterus? and what’s it responsible for?

A

endometrium
responsible for the formation of placenta during pregancy

39
Q

what separates uterus form the vagina?

A

cervix

40
Q

3 uses of the vagina?

A

receive the penis
exit the menstrual blood
birth the baby

41
Q

vulva?

A

collection of the external structures in the female reproductive sys

42
Q

5 things that make up the vulva?

A

labia majora
mons pubis
Maria minora
clitoris
urethra

43
Q

labia majora?

A

paired skin folds exterior to the vaginal opening

44
Q

Mons pubis?

A

fatty prominence anterior to the vaginal opening

45
Q

labia minora?

A

paired skin folds on the sides to the vaginal opening

46
Q

clitoris?

A

cylindrical organ for sexual arousal and pleasure
extends into the body

47
Q

urethra?

A

passage of urine
located between the glans clitoris and vagina

48
Q

during sexual stimulation, which parts of the female reproductive system get engorged with blood?

A

labia minora
vaginal wall
clitoris

49
Q

examples of female arousal?

A

swelling of breasts
erecting of nipples
enlargement of labia majora
expansion of the vagina
lubrication from the glands beneath the labia minora

50
Q

what contracts during a female orgasm?

A

vagina, uterus and oviducts

51
Q

ovarian cycle?

A

the cycle in which eggs are matures and released

52
Q

uterine cycle?

A

the cycle in which the lining of the uterus is prepared, maintained and discarded

53
Q

what do ovaries contain?

A

follicles that have immature oocytes/eggs

54
Q

primary follicle

A

has primary oocyte and produce estrogen

55
Q

secondary follicule

A

primary oocyte is filled with follicular fluid
increases the egg in size
the egg releases estrogen and some progesterone

56
Q

tertiary follicule aka?

A

vesicular follicle and Graafian follicles

57
Q

tertiary follicule ?

A

the large size thanks to the follicular fluid causes the egg to balloon out the ovary’s surface

58
Q

what happens when the primary oocyte undergo meiosis?

A

the diploid/primary oocyte becomes 2 haploid cells

59
Q

2 haploid cells in the female system?

A

secondary oocyte and polar body

60
Q

what’s the polar body?

A

a small haploid cell that cannot be fertilized

61
Q

when does the follicular release the secondary oocyte?

A

in the tertiary follicular phase when entering an oviduct

62
Q

what develops into the corpus luteum?

A

the tertiary follicle

63
Q

what does the corpus luteum produce?

A

progesterone

64
Q

hoe long does the corpus lute live?

A

2 weeks

65
Q

2 pases in the ovarian cycle?

A

follicular and luteal phase

66
Q
A
67
Q
A
68
Q
A

cell unit (6 decks)

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