reproductive sys Flashcards
what are the gametes in females? males?
eggs and sperm
spermatozoa ?
mature sperm
3 segments of sperm?
head
middle piece
tail
where is the acrosome cap and what does it do?
in the sperm head and it has digestive enzymes that help enter the eggs and share the 23 chromosomes
which sperm part contain the mitochondria and why?
the middle part to fuel the flagellum for propulsion
why do the unsuccessful sperm die?
due to the acidity in the vagina or the lack of energy to survive over 48h
where does spermatogenesis take place?
in the testes
what’s the produce male sex hormone ?
testes
what are gonads?
the structure that produce the gametes
where are sperm kept?
in the scrotum
why are the testes outside the body ?
because less heat is better for sperm production
seminiferous tubules?
lobules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place
where is spermatogonia initially produced?
in the seminiferous tubules
how many times does the spermatogonia undergo change and what are they?
3 times
mitosis and 2 rounds of meiosis
are spermatogonia haploid or diploid initially?
diploid
two important types of cells in the testes ?
sertoli cells
interstitial cells
where are Sertoli cells found? function?
in the seminiferous tubules
responsible for supporting, nourishing and regulating spermatogenic cells
where are interstitial cells found? function?
between seminiferous tubules
responsible for recreating androgens ( male sex hormone)
where is the epididymus? function?
exterior of the testes
immature sperm cells stores to mature
function of vas defers?
temporary storage of sperm
passageway for sperm to the urethra
what’s is semen or semi fluid?
medium that carry sperm
what adds substances into the semen ?
testes - sperm
seminal vesicle - fructose
prostate gland - bicarbonate solution
coppers gland - lubricating fluid
hormone in semen? and cause?
prostaglandin
cause uterine contractions in the female
what does the penis mostly contain?
spongy erectile tissue
what causes an erection?
the spongy erectile tissue in the penis filling up with blood
what structure does the penis end with?
bell shaped region called glans penis
what is foreskin?
layer of skin that covers the gland penis at birth
what causes sperm to enter the urethra ?
continuous stimulation of the glans penisD
what happens during an orgasm?
rhythmic muscular contraction that ejaculates the semen
where does hormone regulation occur in males?
pituitary gland
testes
what regulates the testes?
hypothalamus > pituitary> testes
main androgen in males?
testosterone
differences that occur due to testosterone?
broad shoulders
height
more hair
more muscle development
larger larynx
female gonads?
ovaries
where r ovaries?
lower stomach
function of ovaries?
contain and develop eggs before releasing them to the oviduct
another name for the oviduct?
fallopian tubes
what lines the uterus? and what’s it responsible for?
endometrium
responsible for the formation of placenta during pregancy
what separates uterus form the vagina?
cervix
3 uses of the vagina?
receive the penis
exit the menstrual blood
birth the baby
vulva?
collection of the external structures in the female reproductive sys
5 things that make up the vulva?
labia majora
mons pubis
Maria minora
clitoris
urethra
labia majora?
paired skin folds exterior to the vaginal opening
Mons pubis?
fatty prominence anterior to the vaginal opening
labia minora?
paired skin folds on the sides to the vaginal opening
clitoris?
cylindrical organ for sexual arousal and pleasure
extends into the body
urethra?
passage of urine
located between the glans clitoris and vagina
during sexual stimulation, which parts of the female reproductive system get engorged with blood?
labia minora
vaginal wall
clitoris
examples of female arousal?
swelling of breasts
erecting of nipples
enlargement of labia majora
expansion of the vagina
lubrication from the glands beneath the labia minora
what contracts during a female orgasm?
vagina, uterus and oviducts
ovarian cycle?
the cycle in which eggs are matures and released
uterine cycle?
the cycle in which the lining of the uterus is prepared, maintained and discarded
what do ovaries contain?
follicles that have immature oocytes/eggs
primary follicle
has primary oocyte and produce estrogen
secondary follicule
primary oocyte is filled with follicular fluid
increases the egg in size
the egg releases estrogen and some progesterone
tertiary follicule aka?
vesicular follicle and Graafian follicles
tertiary follicule ?
the large size thanks to the follicular fluid causes the egg to balloon out the ovary’s surface
what happens when the primary oocyte undergo meiosis?
the diploid/primary oocyte becomes 2 haploid cells
2 haploid cells in the female system?
secondary oocyte and polar body
what’s the polar body?
a small haploid cell that cannot be fertilized
when does the follicular release the secondary oocyte?
in the tertiary follicular phase when entering an oviduct
what develops into the corpus luteum?
the tertiary follicle
what does the corpus luteum produce?
progesterone
hoe long does the corpus lute live?
2 weeks
2 pases in the ovarian cycle?
follicular and luteal phase
