Reproductive Surgery of the Bull Flashcards
Integrity of the dorsal nerve of the penis is essential for
a. Erection
b. Ejaculation
c. Intromission
d. Urination
b. Ejaculation
Prolapse of the prepuce is mainly a problem of
a. Bos taurus
b. Bos indicus
c. beef bulls
d. Dairy bulls
b. Bos indicus
TRUE/FALSE
Preputial avulsion is almost exclusively a problem of bulls in AI studs
TRUE
Penile anesthesia may be achieved by:
a. Dorsal nerve block
b. Pudendal nerve block
c. Epidural block
d. Superficial inguinal nerve black
e. All of the above
a. Dorsal nerve block
b. Pudendal nerve block
The site ate which penile hematomas usually occurs in bulls is
a. Dorsolateral
b. ventral
c. near tip of the penis
d. Proximal to the sigmoid flexure
a. Dorsolateral
The ___ is the pink membrane that lies along the shaft when the penis is extended.
Lamina interna
The ____ runs all the way down the penis and provides sensation to the glans pensi. If this is damaged or changed, the animal will not have a normal ejaculatory response.
Dorsal nerve.
The dorsal nerve is a branch off of the _____ n.
Pudendal
During erection, the _____ muscles contract, making the penis a closed circulatory system, causing extremely high blood pressure.
Bulbospongiousus & Ischiocavernosus.
What is the artery involved in erection?
Deep artery of the penis
What are the methods of examining the penis?
- Manual (young bulls only)
- Sedation - xylazine & acepromazine
- Pudendal Nerve block
- View matting attempt
- Imaging - Radiographs, ultrasonography
What is the BEST way to examine the penis and why?
Observing Mating attempt - some disorders are not visible unless an attempt is made
When is the best time to castrate a bull?
EARLY
1-3 months
TRUE/FALSE
If done early enough, castration procedures are very minor and do not require analgesia.
FALSE.
ALWAYS USE ANALGESIA
Name this castration device.
Elastrator
Name this castration device
Newberry knife
Name this castration device
What is special about this device?
Callicrate
It is considered painless because of its 100% occlusion
Name this castration device
Bonus: what specific technique must be done?
Burdizzo
Opposing spermatic cords need to be staggered. If not, necrosis of the entire scrotum will occur.
What is the condition in this picture?
How does this happen?
Ulcer of Preputial Orifice
- Hair is clipped too short
- Urine Accumulates
- Urease-producing organisms produce ammonia
- Ulceration, Secondary infection
What is the condition in the picture and how does it occur?
Decubital ulcer in Rams
•Show rams -overweight, little exercise (confined), recumbant
•Resist conservative treatment
•Require surgical excision
Decubital ulcers in rams occurs on the ____ aspect of the preputial orifice.
Dorsal
What is the condition seen in the image?
Prolapsed penis
____ are predisposed to prolapsed penises because of thir long pendulous prepuces.
Bos indicus
How can prolapse of the prepuce be treated?
Exercise/hydrotherapy to decrease swelling
Support prepuse against body with bandage (early stages only)
_____ is a type of stenosis that results in inability to extend the penis.
Phimosis
_____ is a type of stenosis that results in inability to retract the penis.
Paraphimosis
PaRaphimosis - can’t Retract
Treatment for stenosis is to remove the scar tissue. What is a complication that may occur from this surgery and how can it be fixed.
Cicatrix - minor constriction as a consequence of a circumferential incision
Surgical Treatment: Make a LONGITUDINAL incision and suture TRANSVERSELY
What kind of bulls suffer from preputial avulation/penile laceration?
AI bulls Only - usually after return from lay off
*Hit artificial vagina so hard that they tear the lamina interna during collection
TRUE/FALSE
Preputial avulsion /penile laceration may be related to hypertrophy of the lamina interna of the prepuce.
FALSE
possibly related to ATROPHY
_____ is the best option to treat preputial avulsion/penile laceration.
Prompt surgery
What is the condition in the image?
What causes it? How can you treat it?
Persistent frenulum
- Inherited
- Easily corrected surgically
What are the different ways to anesthetize a penis?
What is the importance of this disorder? How is it treated?
Fibropapilloma
Renders bulls unsound for breeding
Treat easiy with crytherapy, sharp dissection, cautery
Can be vaccinated
What causes this disorder? How can it be treated?
Penile deviation
Caused by premature slip of the apical ligament.
Treat by taking it or adding strips of fascia lata
This condition is known as ____. How is it treated?
rainbow penis (Ventral deviation)
-treat like other deviaiton - tack or attach fascia lata
How can erection failure be differentiated from ventral deviation?
Erection failure is a floppy penis - rainbow penis is firm.
May also use Contrast cavernosography
This contrast radiography is used to diagnose erection failure (through leakage) and is called ____.
Describe the procedure
Contrast cavernosography
Contrast media is inserted into corpus cavernosum
Penis is twisted and radiographs taken
Objective is to get Horizon shot of leak
TRUE/FALSE
This is a penile hematoma and is typically self-limiting without serious implications.
FALSE
May result in abscess. Bull is out for the season and is usually a death sentence.
Occurs DORSOLATERALLY always
What prevents penile hematomas from occuring ventrally?
Rectractor penis muscle
Vesiculitis is treated with _______.
Vesiculectomy
How can vesiculitis be diagnosed?
- Leukospermia
- Rectal palpation
- Ultrasound
What is the age of onset for vesiculitis?
- Young bulls @ puberty
- Older mature bulls
What are the methods of creating a teaser bull?
- *-Vasectomy/Epididectomy
- Penile Translocation**
- Preputial pouch
- Corpus cavernosal block
- Anchoring of sigmoid flexure
TRUE/FALSE
The easiest way to perform a vasectomy/epididymectomy is using a cranial approach.
TRUE
What pathology is occuring here?
Vesiculitis
This bull was turned into a teaser by using the ______ method.
Penile translocation
TRUE/FALSE
This is a congenital abnormality.
FALSE
Torn nose ring. Repair by suturing it.
