Reproductive Surgery

Question 1

components of spermatic cord

Answer 1

• ductus deferens
• internal spermatic artery
• internal spermatic vein
• internal spermatic nerves
• lymphatics
• internal cremaster muscle

Question 2

The external cremaster muscle is continuous with _________

Answer 2

IAO

Question 3

Lymphatic drainage of the testicles

Answer 3

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 4

what does the scrotal ligametn connect?

Answer 4

the tail of the epididymis to the scrotal wall

Question 5

what is the tunica vaginalis communis?

Answer 5

aka parietal tunic; it is continuous with parietal peritoneum

Question 6

blood supply to parietal vaginal tunic

Answer 6

external pudic vessels

Question 7

When are most horses generally castrated?

Answer 7

between 1.5-2 years

Question 8

How is a local block performed for castration?

Answer 8

• 20 g, 1 inch needle to give 10 ml of lidocaine into each spermatic cord
• then line of anesthetic injected along median raphe to anesthetize skin

Question 9

What layers are incised with a closed castration?

Answer 9

• skin
• subcutaneous tissue
• dartos muscle

Question 10

What layers are incised with an open castration?

Answer 10

• skin
• subcutaneous tissue
• dartos muscle
• tunica vaginalis communis
• tunica vagninalis albuginea
• into testicle

Question 11

Champignon

Answer 11

• suppurative inflammation of spermatic cord
• caused by failure to remove enough spermatic cord during castration

Question 12

Scirrhous cord

Answer 12

• chronic purulent drainage from castration incision; extensive infection of spermatic cord
• most common in mules
• usually 2-3 weeks after castration

Question 13

Which testicle descends first?

Answer 13

right

Question 14

How is HCG used in diagnosing cryptorchids?

Answer 14

Administer 10,000 I.U. IV and testosterone levels should double within one hour if abdominal cryptorchidism exists

Question 15

Pneumovagina predisposes mares to ______

Answer 15

metritis, vaginitis, cervicitis, infertility

Question 16

What tissue is removed for a Caslick’s procedure?

Answer 16

1/4-3/8 inch wide and 1/2 to 2/3 of the length of vulvar vaginal mucosa

Question 17

Etiology of pneumovagina

Answer 17

• faulty closure of the lips of the vulva
• poor vaginal conformation
• injury to vagina

Question 18

Suture patterns for Caslick’s

Answer 18

continuous, interrupted, or Ford interlocking

Question 19

Causes of RV laceration

Answer 19

• foals foot penetrates partition between vagina & rectum during delivery
• unopened Caslick’s procedure

Question 20

What structures are intact with a RV fistula?

Answer 20

sphincter & perineal body

Question 21

Colpotomy

Answer 21

ovary removal via vagina

Question 22

What is the rationale for making your cervical incisions at “2-3 or 10-11 o’clock” when doing a colpotomy?

Answer 22

To avoid Iliac. aa and aorta