Dentistry Flashcards
Deciduous dentition in a horse
[3/3, 0/0, 3/3, 0/0]x2=24
Permanent dention in a horse
[3/3, (1)/(1/), 3(4)/3(4), 3/3] x 2 = 36-44
What is the oldest cheek tooth? when does it erupt?
M1; erupts 9-12 months
What is the youngest cheek tooth in a horse & when does it erupt?
PM4; erupts at 4 years
What does hypsodont mean?
long crown, relatively short roots
What does diphyodont mean?
have two sets of teeth-deciduous & permanent
Modified Triadan numbering system
What number are the first molars?
09
What teeth are associated with the maxillary sinus?
Upper molars (109-111 & 209-211)
sometimes PM4 or 108/208 is associated with the rostral maxillary sinus
What is the importance of recognizing the Curve of Spee?
need to know that there is a normal gradual curving upwards of the caudal horizontal mandible such that when looking in the mouth, the caudal cheek teeth appear to sit higher than the rostral cheek teeth and NOT to attempt to float down the caudal teeth to be even with the rostral ones because this can result in entering a pulp cavity
Why can PM 4 become impacted during eruption?
PM4 erupts at 4 years of age; PM3 erupts at 3 and M1 erupts at 9-12 months, so PM4 hasto squeeze between its neighbors to erupt
What is the normal slope of the occlusal table of the cheek teeth?
10-15 degrees
What surface of the maxillary cheek teeth needs floated?
buccal
What surface of the mandibular cheek teeth needs floated?
lingual
How often should dental examinations be performed on adult horses?
Biannual
What tools & supplies are needed for a dental examination?
- sedatives
- full mouth speculum
- light source (often a headlamp)
- dental mirror
- picks
- perioprobe
What are some ancillary diagnostic aids used in equine dentistry?
- rads (lateral, DV, left and right oblique)
- endoscopy-upper airway
- sinoscopy-paranasal sinuses
- oral endoscopy
- CT
- bone scan
A maximum of ____ of a tooth can be floated at one time to exposing pulp tissue
4mm
How can points on teeth be detrimental to the horse?
ulcers/painful mastication->change in food processing->trapping of food around teeth->periodontal disease
How long should you wait between floatings?
4-6 months
What is a bit seat?
Filing a small arc in front of 06s (first cheek teeth) to stop pinching due to bit pressure
Clinical signs of dental disease
- weight loss
- difficult/slow mastication
- quidding, excess salivation(rare), abnormal tongue movements, halitosis
- externally draining fistulas
- tilting head, especially when eating grain or pellets with affected side uppermost
- pain in response to cold water or when teeth floated
- bit & riding problems-head shaking
- reluctance to take the bit (in young horses consider wolf teeth, deciduous caps, hooks
- changes in behavior or performance
- external bony swelling
- buccal food impaction
Proper term for “parrot mouth”
brachygnathism
Proper term for “monkey mouth”
prognathism
