Reproductive Strategies

Question 1

Vegetative Propagation

Answer 1

Immature organisms from non sexual tissue

Question 2

Spore Formation

Answer 2

Reproductive cells

Question 3

Binary fission

Answer 3

Two daughter cells

Question 4

Budding

Answer 4

1 mother (larger) and 1 daughter (smaller) organism

Question 5

Fragmentation

Answer 5

Two mature individuals

Question 6

Parthenogenesis

Answer 6

Embryo produced without fertilization

Question 7

Meiosis

Answer 7

Produces four haploid games (n) from a diploid gamete (2n). Independent assortment. Male and female gametes (sperm and egg) fuse to form a diploid zygote. Mixes genetic material between parents to produce offspring. Create variation

Question 8

Red Queen Hypothesis

Answer 8

Sex and genetic recombination provide moving targets for pathogen evolution.

Question 9

Avoiding Mullers Ratchet

Answer 9

Asexual organisms cannot purge mutations. They accumulate. Sexual organisms can. Meiosis leads to loss of mutations. Homozygous offspring may not survive, leaving others

Question 10

Dioecious

Answer 10

Male or female. Not hermaphroditic

Question 11

Hermaphroditism

Answer 11

Most plants. Monoecious vs perfect flowers

Question 12

Monoecious

Answer 12

One plant male and female flowers

Question 13

Perfect flowers

Answer 13

One flower type with both male and female parts

Question 14

Simultaneous Hermaphrodites

Answer 14

Same parts at same time

Question 15

Sequential Hermaphrodites

Answer 15

One sex’s function, then switch to another through physiological formation

Question 16

Hermaphroditism occurs when

Answer 16

The cost of having both parts is less than the cost of reproductive failure

Question 17

Hermaphrodism is favored by

Answer 17

convex curve

Question 18

Separate Sexes is favored by

Answer 18

concave curve

Question 19

Self-fertilization

Answer 19

An individuals own male gametes fertilize its female gametes

Question 20

Out-crossing

Answer 20

Breeding with other individuals.

Question 21

Polygyny

Answer 21

One male multiple females

Question 22

Polyandry

Answer 22

One female more than one male

Question 23

Lark Bunting Polygyny

Answer 23

Males arrive first and establish territories. Territories differ in quality (shade). First females mate with the best males. Later females choose monogamy on bad territories or polygyny on good territories.

Question 24

Sexual Dimorphism

Answer 24

Phenotypic difference between males and females.

Question 25

Handicap Principle

Answer 25

Assess mate quality via trait that is detrimental to mate health

Question 26

Runaway selection

Answer 26

Selection for preference linked to selection for trait