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Physiology Exam #2 > Reproductive Physiology (male) > Flashcards

Reproductive Physiology (male) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the chain of sexual reproduction?

A

intercourse, fertilization, pre natal development, parturition, lactation, post-natal development, puberty (back to #1)

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2
Q

what are gametes (males)?

A

sperm (spermatozoa)

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3
Q

what are gonads (males)?

A

testes

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4
Q

what are the two main parts of testes?

A

seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue

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5
Q

what do seminiferous tubules do?

A

produce sperm

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6
Q

what does interstitial tissue do?

A

connective tissue and Leydig cells (androgens)

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7
Q

hormone control in testes

A

-FSH & LH from AP

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8
Q

what receptor is in seminiferous tubules?

A

FSH

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9
Q

what receptor is on Leydig cells?

A

LH

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10
Q

what is constantly produced in testes?

A

GnRH through little pulses

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11
Q

what hormone do seminiferous tubules produce?

A

inhibin (negative feedback on FSH)

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12
Q

what hormone do Leydig cells produce?

A

testosterone (neg. feedback on GnRH & LH)

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13
Q

what do Leydig cells not fully inhibit?

A

FSH

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14
Q

what polarity do steroid hormones shave?

A

nonpolar, because receptor is inside of cell

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15
Q

prostate

A

testosterone -> DHT

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16
Q

hypothalamic neurons

A

testosterone -> estradiol (aromatase)

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17
Q

what does testosterone stimulate?

A

spermatogenesis

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18
Q

what is the target of spermatogenesis?

A

seminiferous tubules

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19
Q

what is the effect of testosterone stimulating spermatogenesis?

A

sperm production

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20
Q

what are the effects of testosterone and the development of secondary sexual characteristics?

A
  • targets: prostate, seminal vesicles, penis, hair follicles, muscle
  • effects: growth/maintenance; hair growth in face, underarms, chest
21
Q

what are the effects of testosterone on anabolism?

A
  • targets: musculoskeletal system (larynx, erythropoiesis)
  • effects: muscle growth, lowering of voice, rise in RBC production
22
Q

In what location does spermatogenesis happen?

A

seminiferous tubules (contains spermatogonia and Sertoli cells)

23
Q

what do the parent cells (spermatogonia) reproduce by?

A

mitosis

24
Q

what do parent cells produce spermatozoa by?

A

meiosis

25
Q

what does the 1st division of meiosis produce?

A

2 haploid, 2 spermatocytes

26
Q

what does the nd division of meiosis produce?

A

4 haploid spermatids

27
Q

what are Sertoli cells?

A

nongerminal

28
Q

what do sertoli cells extend from?

A

basement membrane of tubule into lumen

29
Q

what can be found in between sertoli cells?

A

tight junctions

30
Q

what do Sertoli cells surround?

A

germ cells (spermatocytes, spermatids)

31
Q

what are the functions of Sertoli cells?

A
  • supply developing sperm with necessary molecules
  • make seminiferous tubules immunologically privileged site (haploid cells would be recognized as non self)
  • eliminate cytoplasm from spermatids
  • produce androgen binding protein (ABP) & inhibin
  • contain FSH receptors
32
Q

what happens when the cytoplasm of spermatids is removed?

A

become more specialized

33
Q

what does spermatogenesis eventually form?

A

4 spermatozoa are released into lumen (moved through rete testes and into epididymis)

34
Q

what happens in sperm release? (1)

A

mature sperm exit epididymis and enter vas deferens

35
Q

what happens in sperm release?

A

leaves scrotum through the inguinal canal -> pelvis

36
Q

what do seminial vesicles secrete? (2)

A

fluid that composes majority (60%) of semen

37
Q

what are seminal vesicles fluid rich in?

A

fructose which gives energy for sperm

38
Q

what becomes the ejaculatory duct? (3)

A

vas deferens

39
Q

what does the ejaculatory duct enter?

A

prostate gland

40
Q

what does the prostate gland secrete?

A

alkaline, milky proteinaceous fluid into semen

41
Q

what needs to happen in the prostate gland with semen?

A

needs to neutralize acidic pH of uterus

42
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

a spongy tissue surrounding the urethra that can fill with blood to make penis turgid (erection)

43
Q

corpus cavernosa

A

2 columns of erectile tissue located dorsally to urethra in penis (fills with blood)

44
Q

what do parasympathetic nerves induce?

A

vasodilation (blood enters corpora cavernosa)

45
Q

what does neurotransmitter lead to?

A

no production in endothelium and leads to smooth muscle relaxation (vasodilation)

46
Q

what are the inhibit enzyme that would shut down relaxation?

A

viagra, cialis

47
Q

what happens when the venous flow is blocked?

A

blood is backed up

48
Q

what nerves induce ejaculation?

A

sympathetic nerves

Physiology Exam #2 (4 decks)

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