Reproductive pathogens - cattle

Question 1

what is metritis?

Answer 1

inflam of uterus, bacterial infection usually

Question 2

name two types of metritis and breifly desc

Answer 2

1. clinical = no systemic illness, discharge

2. purpural = acute dz, no milk, anorexic, watery discharge, resp to abx

Question 3

name three common bacteria which cause metritis

Answer 3

1. e coli (g-)
2. trueperella/arcanobacterium/corynebacterium pyogenes (g+)
3. fusobacterium necrophorum (g-)

Question 4

when is e coli most likely to be the cause?

Answer 4

1-3 DIM

1 wk post-partum

Question 5

why is it that LPS is important all the time?

Answer 5

required for bacterial survival
causes strong immune response
endotoxaemia and hypersen III
virulent factor

Question 6

why can trueperella be opportunistic pathogen, and not all the time?

Answer 6

because its virulence factor (pyolysis, PLO) cannot penetrate epithelial cells so if still intact - no infection

Question 7

what is the primary virulence factor of f. necrophorum?

Answer 7

leukotoxin

seen at 1-3 (with e coli) and 8-12 DIM

Question 8

name a virus which is tropic for endometrial cells

Answer 8

bovine herpes 4

Question 9

describe the difference bw clinical and subclinical endometritis

Answer 9

clinical = inflam of endometriu from bacterial infection, purulent discharge at 21+ DIM

subclinical = inflam by bacterial inection, inc PMNs and NO discharge

Question 10

what might cause cervicitis and what would be seen?

Answer 10

parturition (dystocia)
mixed infection usually
purulent vaginal disharge

Question 11

what viral agent often causes vaginitis and what/who is responsible for tranmission

Answer 11

bovine herpes virus 1 = IBR

bull transmits to cow and causes abortions

Question 12

an intra-uterine accumulation of pus if called?

Answer 12

pyometra

Question 13

what usually causes pyometra?

Answer 13

a persistant CL

Question 14

define ‘abortion’

Answer 14

any foetus born before d270 (notifiable to check for brucellosis)

Question 15

what spp of campy causes bovine abortions?

Answer 15

campylobacter fetus venerealis

Question 16

At what month gestation do many of the infectious abortive agents act?

Answer 16

month 4

or the whole gestation

Question 17

why is it important to vaccinate against IBR

Answer 17

as can be latent (until pregnant)

Question 18

which BVD virus genotype is of most concern in the UK?

Answer 18

type 1, which is mild

Question 19

what does PI stand for?

Answer 19

persistently infected

Question 20

which biotype of each BVD genotype causes PI animals

Answer 20

cytopathic biotype - chronic mucosal dz. the non-cytopathic rarely causes clinical sign

Question 21

why are calves often PI with BVD

Answer 21

naive immune system (at d95-120) does’nt recognise BVD as foriegn so becomes PI and then susceptible to cytopathic form when born. if infected later in gestation will be born + OR - dz

Question 22

name a spirochete which causes bovine abortions

Answer 22

leptospirosis (interrogans and borgpetersensii)

Question 23

which salmonella spp is most responsible for abortions?

Answer 23

dublin

Question 24

I am a notifiable bacteria
UK doesnt like me
intracelllular path
lifelong infection
necrotic cotyledons and placentitis --> abortion
what am i?

Answer 24

brucella abortus

Question 25

what is bacillus licheniformis? what do i cause?

Answer 25

saphrophyte
gram +
causes necrotising placentitis

Question 26

what silage born, gram + bacteria can cause abortions? its commonly found in ready-to-eat human food..

Answer 26

listeria monocytogenes