Reproductive pathogen - sheep

Question 1

what is the gestation of sheep?

Answer 1

147d

Question 2

what is an ‘acceptable’ % abortion rate

Question 3

what are the top three causes of ovine abortion in the UK?

Answer 3

1. chlamydophila abortus
2. toxo gondii
3. campylobacter fetus fetus

Question 4

what pathogen causes enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE)

Answer 4

chlamydophila

Question 5

desc the basic features of chlamydophila abortus

Answer 5

g- cocci
immuno-evasive
last 2wks abortion
ewes not ‘ill’

Question 6

should ewes who aborted from chlamydophila be culled?

Answer 6

no as they are immune from then on HOWEVER they are PI and will shed 2d before and after ovulation. vaccinate ewe lambs so none naive!

Question 7

how do you tx a chlamydophila case

Answer 7

isolate (10d)

oxytetracycline

Question 8

how can chlamydophila be controlled?

Answer 8

vaccination (enzovac)
live, good immunity
boost 4years
give 4wks before mating

Question 9

how is toxo gondii transmitted?

Answer 9

cat shed oocysts

can last 1yr+

Question 10

does toxo infection always result in abortions

Answer 10

No only if infected during LATE gestation.
if infected when NOT preg = immune;
if infected early pregn = reabsorb;
infected mid pregn = mummification

Question 11

how would you descr toxo lesions?

Answer 11

frozen strawberrys (intracotyledons) and white dots

Question 12

how would you desc chalmydophila lesions

Answer 12

leathery cotyledons

Question 13

control of toxo gondii

Answer 13

keep male, adult cats only, keep feed stores secure
toxovac = live, give 3wks before mating
zoonotic too

Question 14

salmonella dublin is commonly assoc with bovine abortion, which salmonella spp is assoc with ovine abortions?

Answer 14

S. abortus ovis

Question 15

what dz does S. abortus ovis result in?

Answer 15

endotox
metritis
during late pregn

Question 16

how can s. abortus ovis be controlled?

Answer 16

closed flock
isolate MO from aborted material
give OTC in BIG dose
NSAIDs for symptoms

Question 17

if infected with camplobacter fetus fetus what signs would be seen

Answer 17

abort in late pregn

metritis

Question 18

how can campylobacter infection be tx?

Answer 18

no tx - symptomatic only
no vacc in UK
dx difficult too - need foetal tissues

Question 19

what is border dz?

Answer 19

pestivirus
– like BVD and CSF (swne fever)
aborts throughout, also PI and non-infected animals may be born

Question 20

what are ‘weak hairy lambs’ and which path causes them

Answer 20

result of encephalitis, hypoplasia and ataxia

border dz

Question 21

Schmallenburg SBV causes what ‘non repro’ signs?

Answer 21

COWS: 50% reduction in milk
anorexic
thin
d+
recover after 5d
SHEEP: no signs but inc barren and rtns

Question 22

what dz does listeria monocytogenes cause?

Answer 22

encephalitis
septicaemia
abortion
from soil - poorly ferm silage

Question 23

what is the path in ‘tick borne fever’

Answer 23

anaplasma phagocytophilia

Question 24

how do treat tick?

Answer 24

pyrethroids

Question 25

what dz does Coxiella burnettii cause?

Answer 25

Q fever
rickettsial
aborts if infected when pregnant