Poultry ID

Question 1

name the 2 notifiable poultry disease

Answer 1

1. newcastles dz

2. avian influenza

Question 2

name the 1 notifiable pigeon disease

Answer 2

1. paramyxovirus

Question 3

describe the similarities + differences bw ND and AI

Answer 3

both = RNA with spikes
ND = Fuscian, H and N glycoproteins
AI = segmented genome = more agenic shift and drift

Question 4

name the 5 types of ND?

Answer 4

1. viscerotropic = lethal
2. neurotropic = resp + neuro dz = high mort
3. mesogenic = resp + neuro dz = low mort
4. lentogenic = resp dz
5. asympt enteric = GIT

Question 5

how do you dx ND

Answer 5

OP swaps - PCR

PM - swab trachea, lungs, brain, caecal tonsil

Question 6

how do you control ND

Answer 6

vaccination - live + inactive. 
     - which strain depends which type
husbandry
housing
nutrition

Question 7

what is the generic vaccine protocol in ND

Answer 7

1-4 x live vaccine in water

1-3 x inactive s/cut

Question 8

what are the H and N for AI

Answer 8

H5 N7 (and H9 N5, but this isn’t notifiable)

Question 9

which type of AI are of veterinary importance

Answer 9

type A

Question 10

what lesions does AI cause

Answer 10

DH
haem+ of organs
oviduct inflammation
peritonitis

Question 11

what clinical signs of AI cause

Answer 11

dyspnoea
anorexia
d++
drop in egg production
neuro

Question 12

how do you detect virus isolation

Answer 12

Ag attachment
host response
H5 H7 primers in PCR

Question 13

how is Ai spread?

Answer 13

aerosols
poo
fomites
contaminated water courses

Question 14

Whats virus causes infectious bronchitis

Answer 14

coronavirus

Question 15

what different signs of dz does IB cause in broilers, layers?

Answer 15

broilers = resp dz, kg loss
layers - egg drop, also might become false layers
egg peritonitis and ovarian failure

Question 16

what is egg peritonitis

Answer 16

when follicules are in peritoneum rot and grow bacteria –> infections. smelly, yellow flakes, broken egg yolk

Question 17

how do you dx inf bronchitis?

Answer 17

virus isol - RT-PCR + seq

serology

Question 18

is there vacc for inf bronchitis?

Answer 18

yes - live and killed

Question 19

avian and turkey rhinotracheititis are also known as avian metapneumovirus. which is more severe?

Answer 19

turkey. both same signs though - resp dz, egg drop, egg peritonitis, lack pigmentation, myopathy

Question 20

which rhinotrachieitis leads to swollen head syndrom ART or TRT? with which 2ry pathogen?

Answer 20

ART

E coli

Question 21

how can ART be transmitted?

Answer 21

horiz - mucus, aerosols, fomites
vert - replicates in oviduct but no evidence!

virus - resp epi - blood stream - oviduct

Question 22

how can ART be prevented?

Answer 22

vaccination -
live (spray/water) protect from dz, given young
killed (inj) protect against signs, give before laying

Question 23

name three avian mycoplasma

Answer 23

1. m. gallisepticum
2. m. synoviae
3. m. maleagridis

Question 24

what are the signs of avian mycoplasma infections?

Answer 24

resp = sinusitits, air-sacculitis, cough and sneezing, watery eyes, rales
repro = egg drop, reduce hatch rate
musculoskel = lame, arthritic, sternal bursitis

Question 25

which two mycoplasma cause arthritis and how do you differentiate?

Answer 25

m. gallisepticum and m. synoviae | sample and culture

Question 26

most poultry diseases require the same control methods name them

Answer 26

``` reduce stressors nutrition avoid immune suppression manage flock well vaccinate hygein and husbandry ```

Question 27

if an inadequate amount of ART/TRT is given what are the consequences

Answer 27

high risk of disease | reversion of the vaccine virus to dz causing

Question 28

how do you stain and see mycoplasma colonies

Answer 28

immunofluorescent staining

Question 29

what are the pros and cons of PCR vs culture of mycoplasma

Answer 29

PCR =fast, 2-3d; viable and non-viable organisms Culture = gold std, >3wks, immunofluorescence req; cant use if fast growing myco or if contam with bacter/fungi

Question 30

can mycoplasma be eradicated by breding stock?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

what is infectious bursal disease aetiology

Answer 31

birnaviridae

Question 32

what types of dz does IBD cause

Answer 32

mild dz = no signs classical = 20% mort. lesion overcomes any high MDA levels variant = bursal lesions and immunosuppression,

Question 33

what are the signs of IBD?

Answer 33

acute = depression, ruffled, mortality peaks at 3d, DH, muscular haemorrhage subclinical =

Question 34

what are some of the differentials of IBD?

Answer 34

``` coccidiosis nephrogenic IBV ND Mareks Adenovirus ```

Question 35

what is the purpose of specific pathogen free eggs

Answer 35

SPF eggs | - inoculate the egg with swab, virus will grow in egg cells

Question 36

can both live and killed vacc be given by spray?

Answer 36

just live can be in water/spray etc

Question 37

what are the signs of chicken anaemia virus

Answer 37

15% grower mortality anorexia weak low PCV

Question 38

what lesions are seen in chicken anaemia virus

Answer 38

haemorrhage of muscle atrophy of bursa and thymus BM pale

Question 39

what dz does marek dz cause?

Answer 39

tumour of nerves neuro = sciatic and brachial n --> floppy broiler syndrome visceral = tumour of heart, ovary, testes, muscle cutaneous = tumour of follicles ocular = uni or bilat

Question 40

how is mareks transmitted?

Answer 40

excreted by feather follicle, inhaled in dust