Reproductive Organs Flashcards
The male reproductive tract includes the ___________, a series of __________, accessory _________, and the ______________.
Paired testes
Ducts
Glands
External genitalia
Each testis is divided into around 250 lobules, each containing 1 to 3 highly coiled _________________, where male gametogenesis or ________________ occurs.
Seminiferous tubules
Spermatogenesis
Where is testosterone produced?
In the Leydig cells in the peritubular tissue
Explain the movement sperm takes through ducts of the male reproductive system.
Rete testes –> vasa efferentia –> epididymides –> vasa deferentia –> urethra
What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands
What do the accessory glands of the male reproductive system do?
Secrete substances into the ductal system that combine with sperm and testicular fluid to form semen
The external genitalia include the ___________, which houses the testes, and the ____________, which is important in ______________ into the female reproductive tract.
Scrotum
Penis
Sperm delivery
Identify the labeled parts of the male reproductive system.
Left
Seminal vesicles
Ampulla of the vans deferens
Prostate
Bulbourethral gland
Bottom
Testis
Scrotum
Right
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Epididymis
Glans penis
Identify the labeled organs.
Vans deferens
Urinary bladder
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Penis
Epididymus
Testes
Scrotum
Identify the parts.
Left
Urinary bladder
Prostate
Penis
Right
Ampulla of ductus deferens
Seminal vesicle
Bulbourethral gland
Vans deferens
Epididymis
Testis
Urethra
Remember, the distance between the genital papilla and the anus is always _______________ in _________ rats.
Greater
Male
Each testis is surrounded by a dense fibrous capsule called the _____________________, and a double layer of ______________, which is called the _______________, and also lines the inner surface of the scrotum.
Tunica albuginea
Mesothelium
Tunica vaginalis
The coiled tube found on the surface of each testis is the _________________.
Epididymis
The _______ epidiymis is anterior to the corpus epididymis, and the ___________ epididymis is posterior to the corpus epidiymis.
Caput (head)
Cauda (tail)
In rats, the cauda epididymis is surrounded by an ___________________.
Epididymal fat pad
What does the cauda epididymis lead to?
The vans deferens, which then extends through the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity, leading to the urethra
The __________ remains open in the rate, occupied by another epididymal fat pad, whereas in humans, the ___________ typically close after testicular descent.
Inguinal canal
Inguinal canal
In rats, the ______________ are the lumpy glands located on either side of the urinary bladder, and the _______________, anterior to the prostate, is bilaterally attached to the lesser curvature of the seminal vesicles.
Seminal vesicles
Coagulating gland
In the rate, the prostate gland consists of how many paired lobes?
Three: the ventral, dorsolateral, and anterior (coagulating glands)
What is different about the rat prostate and human prostate?
The rat prostate is composed of three lobes while the human prostate is a single organ
The __________________ glands or Cowper’s glands are located near the base of the penis.
Bulbourethral
Additional glands found in male rats but not human males include the _______________ and the __________, which are modified ___________ glands found just lateral to the base of the penis. They are large, flattened, and tan-yellow in color.
Ampullary glands
Preputial glands
Sebacious glands
The _______________ extends from the trigone of the urinary bladder to the _____________________.
Urethra
External urethral orifice
Identify the labeled parts.
Left
Adrenal gland
Kidney
Urogenital opening
Urinary bladder
Penis
Head epididymis
Testis
Tail epididymis
Scrotum
Right
Ureter
Ducutus deferens/vans deferens
Spermatic cord
Identify the labeled parts.
Left
Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Penis
Bottom
Bulbourethral gland or Cowper’s gland
Seminal vesicles
Epididymis
Right
Vas deferens
Inguinal canal
Spermatic cord
Testis
The ______________ contains the ______________ along with testicular blood vessels and testicular nerve.
Spermatic cord
Vans deferens/ductus deferens
The ______________________ is the site in the abdominal wall where _____________ and ___________ tissue evaginate or outpocket to form the wall of the _________________.
Inguinal canal
Connective
Muscle
Scrotum
The _______________ is a white, globular mass posterior to the testes that connects the testes to the wall of the scrotum.
Gubernaculum
Identify the labeled organs.
Left
Penis
Right
Vas deferans
Seminal vesicle
Urethra
Bulbourethral gland
The external opening of the penis in the fetal pig is called the ___________________.
Preputial orifice
Identify the parts of the testis cell.
Seminiferous tubule
Interstitial cells
Sperm
Identify the labeled parts of the testis cell.
Left
Seminiferous tubule
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
Right
Spermatogonia
Primary spermatocytes
Spermatids
Secondary spermatocytes
Identify the labeled parts.
Spermatid
Primary spermatocyte
Secondary spermatocyte
Sertoli cell
Identify the labels.
Left
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogonium
Primary spermatocytes
Secondary spermatocytes
Spermatids
Spermiogenesis
Sperm
Middle
Sertoli cell
Spermatogonium
Primary spermatocyte
Leydig cells
Right
Sertoli cell
Spermatids
From where in the male reproductive tract does this tissue come from?
Epididymis
What type of tissue is labeled? Where are the stereocilia?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What are stereocilia?
Stereocilia (or stereovilli) are non-motile apical modifications of the cell, which are distinct from cilia and microvilli, but closely related to the latter
What type of cell is this? What are its component parts? Where is it produced?
Sperm
Head (contains the nucleus), midpiece, and tail (flagellum)
Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules
Are there differences between species regarding sperm?
Yes, there are significant morphological differences
Identify the labeled parts of the human female reproductive system.
Left
Perimetrium
Cervix
Vagina
Right
Infundibulum
Uterine tube
Ovary
Fimbriae
Uterus
Urethra
Identify the labeled parts of the human female reproductive system.
Left
Permetrium
Infundibulum
Right
Fundus of uterus
Body of uterus
Uterine tube
Myometrium
Endometrium
Fimbriae
Ovary
Cervix
Vagina
What part of the uterus is shown? Identify the labels.
Endometrium
Stratum funcionalis
Stratum basalis
Myometrium
Identify the labeled parts of the rat female reproductive system.
Ovary
Ovariduct
Uterus (left uterine horn)
Urinary bladder
Identify the labeled parts of the rat female reproductive system.
Left
Uterine horn
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Right
Ureter
Uterus (body)
Vagina
Identify the labeled female rate organs.
Left
Adrenal gland
Kidney
Ovary
Oviduct
Uterus (uterine horn)
Vagina
Urethral orifice
Vaginal orifice
Right
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
In what animal is this figure? Identify the animal’s organs.
Ovary
Uterine horn
Urinary bladder
Identify the organs in the female pig.
Top
Ovaries
Left
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Right
Uterine horn
Uterine body
Vagina
Urogenital opening
The uterus of a pig is different than that of a human in that the upper part of the uterus is divided into two __________________.
Uterine horns
Near the ovaries of a pig, the uterine horns become _____________.
Oviducts
The _____________, which carries urine from the bladder, mergrs with the ________________ to form a common duct called the ____________________ in female pigs.
Urethra
Vagina
Urogenital sinus
The basic unit of the ovary is the _____________.
Follicle
Follicle growth and development begins ______________ and may not be completed for some 50 years later.
in utero
The majority of ovarian follicles undergo a programmed death called _______________.
Atresia
What are the stages of ovarian follicle growth?
Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary (antral)
The fully mature, large tertiary follicles, which are primed for the ______ surge, are called the ______________ follicles.
LH
Graafian
Upon _____________, the cells of the Graafian follicle undergo a process called ______________________ and a structure called the _______________ replaces the follicle.
Ovulation
Luteinization
Corpus luteum
Regression of the corpus luteum is followed by the formation of ____________ called _________________.
Scar tissue
Corpus albicans
In what organ would you find this cell? Identify its labeled parts.
Left
Graafian follicle
Resting tertiary follicle
Secondary follicle
Primary follicle
Primordial follicle
What is this? Identify the labeled parts.
A mature or Graafian follicle in the ovary
Left
Basement membrane
Antrum
Theca cells
Right
Zona pellucida
Corona radiata
Primary oocyte
Granulosa cells
Identify the parts of the Graafian follicle.
From left to right
Antrum
Zona pellucida
Primary oocyte
Cumulus oophorus
What are the stages of follicule development (in order)?
Primordial, primary, secondary, early antral, late antral, and Graafian
Identify the stages of follicle development.
Primordial, primary, secondary, preantral, antral
Label the stages of Graafian follicular development.
Primodrial, primary, secondary, Graafian
Identify the labeled parts on the slide of a human ovary.
Top to bottom
Germinal epithelium
Tunica albuginea
Follicles
Cortex
Medulla
Left
Corpus luteum
Identify the follicle type.
Primary
Primodrial
Primary
Secondary
What type of follicle is this?
Antral/tertiary follicle
The ___________ functions to receive fertilized ovum/early embryo and to provide te enviroment for subsequent embryo and fetal development.
Uterus
Histologically, the uterus consists of three layers: ____________ (inner mucosa layer), ____________________ (muscularis), and _________________ (serosa).
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
The perimetrium consists of _______________ supported by a thin layer of ______________________.
Mesothelium
Connective tissue
The myometrium consists of a thick layer of ____________________.
Smooth muscle
The inner layer of the uterus is the __________________ and provides the environment for fetal development. The __________ _________ of the endometrium consists of _________________ (tissue type). The supporting _____________ of the uterus contains numerous uterine glands.
Endometrium
Surface epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Stroma
What are the two layers of the endometrium?
The inner layer or stratum functionalis
The underlying layer or stratus basalis
What layer of the endometrium includes the epithelial lining and uterine glands?
Stratum functionalis
What layer of the endometrium contains the blood vessels?
Stratum basalis
During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, ________ causes proliferation of the endometrial _____________, causing it to increase in thickness. It becomes more ________________, and the __________________ increase in number. This is called the _________________ phase of the menstrual cycle.
Estrogen
Stroma
Vascularized
Uterine glands
Proliferative
In what stage of the ovarian cycle are follicles produced?
The follicular phase
In what uterine phase are ovarian follicles produced?
The proliferative phase (stratus functionalis) and the preovulatory phase (stratus basalis)
How can one distinguish the proliferative or follicular phase and the secretory or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
In the proliferative phase, the basalis proliferates to renew the functionalis layer; uterine glands are straight with minimal, if any, secretory product
In the secretory phase, the uterine glands are coiled and dilated; the secretion is first basally located before moving to the apex and lumen of the glands
In what phase is the endometrium in this slide?
Proliferative
In what phase is the endometrium in the slide?
Secretory
Identify the labeled parts of the endometrium.
Myometrium
Endometrium
Stratum basalis
Stratum functionalis
Uterine glands
Stroma
In rats, the _________________ epididymis leads to the vas deferens, which then extends through the inguinal cannal into the abdominal cavity, leading to the _______________.
Caput
Urethra
The coagulating gland is the anterior _______________ in rats.
Prostate
In rats, it is the secretions from the ___________ vesicles, ____________ gland, and ____________ gland that form the seminal fluid.
Seminal
Coagulating
Bulbourethral
The bulbourethral glands or ____________ glands in rats are located near the base of the ___________, embedded within muscle.
Cowper’s
Penis
Male pigs have a urogenital opening that is ______________ to the umbilical cord.
Caudal
If you pass a probe through an inguinal canal, you should see the probe entering the ______________ puch.
Cremasteric
The epididymis becomes uncoiled as it becomes the ________________, which forms part of the ______________.
Vas deferens
Spermatic cord
The vasa deferentia cross over the ____________ and enter the urethra.
Ureters
The gubernaculum, the tissue that connects the testes to the wall of the scrotum, plays a role in ______________ the testes into the scrotuma as it grows more slowly.
Pulling
In the pig, the urethra is located at the base of the bladder. Following the urethra down, you will find the ______________, the white bulge of tissue on each side where the urethra meets the the penis. As the urethra continues down, it eventually bends back up toward the ________________. The external opening of the penis _______________ orifice is located just below the umbilical cord. The seminal vesicles are glands found on the dorsal surface of the urethra near the location where the vasa deferentia enter.
Bulbourethral glands
Umbilical cord
Preputial
During the ___________ phase of the ovarian cycle, the increase _______________ from the ______________ promotes increased secretion from the ____________ glands. During ______________, the ___________________ is shed.
Luteal
Progesterone
Corpus luteum
Stratum functionalis
Menstruation
Stratum functionalis
The ____________ reproductive system functions in female gamete production or _________, reception of male gametes, and provision of a suitable enviornment for fertilization as well as for the development of the _______.
Female
Oogenesis
Fetus
The female reproductive system functions to provide a way for the ________________ of the developed fetus as well as provide nutrition to the newborn.
Expulsion
The female reproductive system consists of the paired ____________ and ____________, the ______________, the vagina, the external genitalia, and the ___________ glands.
Ovaries
Oviducts
Uterus
Mammay
What are the primary female reproductive organs?
The ovaries
During pregnancy, the size of the muscle fibers in the ________________ increase greatly, and the ____________ is able to produce very strong contractions during childbirth.
Myometrium
Myometrium
What are the three muscle layers of the myometrium?
Longitudinal, oblique, and transferse
The ovary is _________ in shape and about the size of a ___________.
Oval
Peanut
What is the hilum?
The point of entry of the nerves and blood vessels into the ovary and serves as the site of attachment of the ovary to the mesovarium (portion of the broad ligament that suspends the ovary)
