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Endocrinology > Gross Anatomy of Endocrine Glands > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy of Endocrine Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the labeled parts.

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

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2
Q

Sternal

A

Pertaining to the region of the breastbone

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3
Q

Identify the endocrine glands.

A

Pineal gland

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid glands

Thymus

Adrenal glands

Pancreas

Ovary

Testis

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4
Q

What endocrine gland is labeled the number four?

A

Ovary

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5
Q

Dorsal/ventral

A

Backside/belly side

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6
Q

What is the sella turcica?

A

A bondy depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland

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7
Q

What is the major hormone produced by the pineal gland?

A

Melatonin

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8
Q

The _________________ of the pig is elongated and continues into the umbilitcal cord as the allantoic duct.

A

Urinary bladder

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9
Q

Identify numbers 1, 2, 3, and 6.

A

Thymus

Thyroid

Heart

Liver

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10
Q

The _______________ occupies a small portion of the _________ ventricle and extends from the ______________ to the mammillary bodies.

A

Hypothalamus

Third

Optic chiasma

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11
Q

Lumbar

A

Pertaining to the area of the back between the ribs and hips; the loin

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12
Q

Melatonin is a hormone produced by the _____________ and regulates ______________________.

A

Pineal gland

Biological rhythms

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13
Q

What endocrine gland is labeled?

A

Testis

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14
Q

Dorsum

A

Pertaining to the back

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15
Q

Pubic

A

Pertaining to the genital region

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16
Q

In terms of front to back, the nipples are _____________ to the shoulder blades.

A

Anterior

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17
Q

Is this a male or female pig? How do you know?

Identify the labeled parts.

A

Female becuase of the presence of the labia folds that form the genital papilla anterior to the urogenital opening

Genital papilla

Urogenital opening

Anus

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18
Q

The _________ is more diffuse in pigs than in humans.

A

Pancreas

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19
Q

What is this endocrine organ?

A

Pancreas

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20
Q

Which body cavity holds the brain?

A

Dorsal cranial cavity

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21
Q

Abdominal

A

Pertaining to the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

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22
Q

Oral

A

Pertaining to the mouth

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23
Q

Vertebral

A

Pertaining to the area of the spinal column

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24
Q

Superior/inferior

A

Placement of structure along the axis of the body. Superior structures always appear above other structures, and inferior structures always appear below other structures.

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25
In terms of closeness to the trunk, the elbow is _____________ to the fingers.
Proximal
26
In terms of nearness to the surface, the pancreas is ___________ to the skin.
Deep
27
Where is the digestive viscera contained?
Abdominopelvic - abdominal cavity
28
The __________ cavity contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum.
Pelvic
29
The anterior pituitary consists of the ___________________ (anterior lobe), which is the largest part. It also includes the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which spreads dorsally around the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which is adjacent to the neural lobe and rudimentary in humans.
Pars distalis Pars tuberalis Infundibulum stem Pars intermedia
30
Cephalic
Pertaining to the head
31
Where is the pituitary gland located? Where is it housed?
Below the brain in the sella turcica
32
Buccal
Pertaining to the cheek
33
34
The dorsal body cavity is composed of the ________ and _____________ cavities.
Cranial Vertebral
35
Identify the endocrine gland and organs.
Adrenal gland Kidneys
36
The ____________ (PVN) and ______________ (SO) nuclei produce hormones that are released from the ___________ pituitary. Identify them on the figure.
Paraventricular nucleus Supraoptic nucleus Posterior PVN SO
37
Cephalad (cranial)/caudal
Toward the head/toward the tail
38
The ___________ (POA), ______________ (VMN), and __________ (AR) nuclei are important in regulating the _________ pituitary. Identify each on the labeled diagram.
Preoptic area nucleus Ventromedial nucleus Arcuate nucleus POA VMN AR
39
Which body cavity holds the spinal cord?
Dorsal vertebral cavity
40
Appendicular
Relating to limbs and their attachments to the axis (i.e., axial)
41
They hypothalamus is functionally connected to the _______________ pituitary by the _______________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ system. The hypothalamus is connected to the _______________ pituitary by ______________ connection, ___________ extend into the gland.
Anterior Hypophyseal portal Posterior Neural Axons
42
The axial portion of the body has two large cavities: ___________ body cavity and ___________ body cavity.
Dorsal Ventral
43
Is this a male or female? How do you know? Identify the labeled parts.
Male because the urogenital opening is caudal to the umbilical cord and the scrotum is anterior to the anus. Umbilical cord Urogenital opening
44
Identify the labeled parts.
Pineal gland Thalamus Optic chiasma Hypothalamus
45
Identify numbers 44 and 109.
44: Adrenal gland 109: Kidney
46
The posterior pituitary consists of the ______________ and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Pars nervosa Infundibuluar stem
47
In terms of closeness to the medial plane, the cheekbones are ______________ to the nose.
Lateral
48
Identify the labeled parts.
Thalamus Pineal gland Hypothalamus Optic chiasma Infundibulum Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
49
Thoracic
Pertaining to the chest
50
Identify the organs.
Right: Pancreas Left: Liver
51
In terms of up and down, the umbilicus is _____________ to the sternum.
Inferior
52
Axillary
Pertaining to the armpit
53
The ventral body cavity has two subdivisions: the ____________ and _____________ cavities.
Thoracic Abdominopelvic
54
Pelvic
Pertaining to the pelvis region
55
Identify the endocrine glands.
Top: Thyroid Bottom: Parathyroid
56
Proximal/distal
Nearer the trunk or attached end/farther from the trunk or the point of attachment
57
If you were to sit on a horse's back, you would be on the ____________ aspect of the horse.
Dorsal
58
Idenitfy the labeled parts.
_Top left_ Optic chiasma Pars tubularis Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) _Top right_ Third ventricle Unnecessary blank Hypothalamus _Bottom right_ Median eminence Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) Sphenoid bone
59
The ________________ are more medially located as opposed to superior to the kidneys in the fetal pig.
Adrenal glands
60
Superficial (external)/deep (internal)
Toward or at the body surface/away from the body surface
61
Identify the animal. Identify the endocrine gland.
Rat Thyroid
62
The colon in the pig is ____________ compared to that of the human.
Spiral
63
Occipital
Pertaining to the posterior aspect of the head or the base of the skull
64
Axial
Relating to the head, neck, and trunk; the axis of the body
65
Anterior/posterior
Front/back In humans, the anterior structures are those that are most forward, and the posterior structures are those toward the backside of the body
66
Identify the labeled parts.
Third ventricle Hypothalamus Optic chiasma Mammillary body Infundibulum Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) Pars intermediate Pars anterior Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
67
The ________ of the fetal pig has 5 lobes as opposed to that in humans, which has 4 lobes.
Liver
68
Like the rat, the pig uterus is ________________ as opposed to the simple, undivided pear-shaped human uterus. It has a \_\_\_\_-shaped central chamber from which two ________ extend. The ______________________ are often confused with the much shorter oviducts.
Bipartite Y Horns Uterine horns
69
In the pig, the ___________ and vagina emply into a common opening, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which then connects to the external genitalia. In embryological development, humans have a _________________ too but is then lost as the __________ and ____________ have separate external openings.
Uretha Ureogenital sinus Ureogenital sinus Urethra Vagina
70
The pituitary is ___________ to the hypothalamus.
Anterior
71
What does the thoracic cavity hold?
Heart and lungs
72
Medial/lateral
Toward the midline/away from the midline (i.e., The breastbone is medial to the ribs; the ear is lateral to the nose)
73
Sacral
Pertaining to the region between the hips, overlying the sacrum
74
Identify the male and female rat. Note that the distance between the _____________ and the anus is always greater in ___________ than in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Male (left) Female (right) Genital papilla Males Females
75
Identify the animal. Identify the endocrine gland.
Thymus Rat
76
Define anatomical position.
A universally standard position in which to refer to specific areas of an animal body.
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Endocrinology (8 decks)

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