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Endocrinology > Gross Anatomy of Endocrine Glands > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy of Endocrine Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the labeled parts.

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

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2
Q

Sternal

A

Pertaining to the region of the breastbone

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3
Q

Identify the endocrine glands.

A

Pineal gland

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid glands

Thymus

Adrenal glands

Pancreas

Ovary

Testis

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4
Q

What endocrine gland is labeled the number four?

A

Ovary

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5
Q

Dorsal/ventral

A

Backside/belly side

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6
Q

What is the sella turcica?

A

A bondy depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland

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7
Q

What is the major hormone produced by the pineal gland?

A

Melatonin

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8
Q

The _________________ of the pig is elongated and continues into the umbilitcal cord as the allantoic duct.

A

Urinary bladder

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9
Q

Identify numbers 1, 2, 3, and 6.

A

Thymus

Thyroid

Heart

Liver

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10
Q

The _______________ occupies a small portion of the _________ ventricle and extends from the ______________ to the mammillary bodies.

A

Hypothalamus

Third

Optic chiasma

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11
Q

Lumbar

A

Pertaining to the area of the back between the ribs and hips; the loin

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12
Q

Melatonin is a hormone produced by the _____________ and regulates ______________________.

A

Pineal gland

Biological rhythms

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13
Q

What endocrine gland is labeled?

A

Testis

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14
Q

Dorsum

A

Pertaining to the back

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15
Q

Pubic

A

Pertaining to the genital region

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16
Q

In terms of front to back, the nipples are _____________ to the shoulder blades.

A

Anterior

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17
Q

Is this a male or female pig? How do you know?

Identify the labeled parts.

A

Female becuase of the presence of the labia folds that form the genital papilla anterior to the urogenital opening

Genital papilla

Urogenital opening

Anus

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18
Q

The _________ is more diffuse in pigs than in humans.

A

Pancreas

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19
Q

What is this endocrine organ?

A

Pancreas

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20
Q

Which body cavity holds the brain?

A

Dorsal cranial cavity

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21
Q

Abdominal

A

Pertaining to the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

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22
Q

Oral

A

Pertaining to the mouth

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23
Q

Vertebral

A

Pertaining to the area of the spinal column

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24
Q

Superior/inferior

A

Placement of structure along the axis of the body. Superior structures always appear above other structures, and inferior structures always appear below other structures.

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25
Q

In terms of closeness to the trunk, the elbow is _____________ to the fingers.

A

Proximal

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26
Q

In terms of nearness to the surface, the pancreas is ___________ to the skin.

A

Deep

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27
Q

Where is the digestive viscera contained?

A

Abdominopelvic - abdominal cavity

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28
Q

The __________ cavity contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum.

A

Pelvic

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29
Q

The anterior pituitary consists of the ___________________ (anterior lobe), which is the largest part. It also includes the ___________________, which spreads dorsally around the ___________________, and the ______________, which is adjacent to the neural lobe and rudimentary in humans.

A

Pars distalis

Pars tuberalis

Infundibulum stem

Pars intermedia

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30
Q

Cephalic

A

Pertaining to the head

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31
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located? Where is it housed?

A

Below the brain in the sella turcica

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32
Q

Buccal

A

Pertaining to the cheek

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33
Q
A
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34
Q

The dorsal body cavity is composed of the ________ and _____________ cavities.

A

Cranial

Vertebral

35
Q

Identify the endocrine gland and organs.

A

Adrenal gland

Kidneys

36
Q

The ____________ (PVN) and ______________ (SO) nuclei produce hormones that are released from the ___________ pituitary. Identify them on the figure.

A

Paraventricular nucleus

Supraoptic nucleus

Posterior

PVN

SO

37
Q

Cephalad (cranial)/caudal

A

Toward the head/toward the tail

38
Q

The ___________ (POA), ______________ (VMN), and __________ (AR) nuclei are important in regulating the _________ pituitary. Identify each on the labeled diagram.

A

Preoptic area nucleus

Ventromedial nucleus

Arcuate nucleus

POA

VMN

AR

39
Q

Which body cavity holds the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal vertebral cavity

40
Q

Appendicular

A

Relating to limbs and their attachments to the axis (i.e., axial)

41
Q

They hypothalamus is functionally connected to the _______________ pituitary by the _______________ ___________ system. The hypothalamus is connected to the _______________ pituitary by ______________ connection, ___________ extend into the gland.

A

Anterior

Hypophyseal portal

Posterior

Neural

Axons

42
Q

The axial portion of the body has two large cavities: ___________ body cavity and ___________ body cavity.

A

Dorsal

Ventral

43
Q

Is this a male or female? How do you know?

Identify the labeled parts.

A

Male because the urogenital opening is caudal to the umbilical cord and the scrotum is anterior to the anus.

Umbilical cord

Urogenital opening

44
Q

Identify the labeled parts.

A

Pineal gland

Thalamus

Optic chiasma

Hypothalamus

45
Q

Identify numbers 44 and 109.

A

44: Adrenal gland
109: Kidney

46
Q

The posterior pituitary consists of the ______________ and the ________________.

A

Pars nervosa

Infundibuluar stem

47
Q

In terms of closeness to the medial plane, the cheekbones are ______________ to the nose.

A

Lateral

48
Q

Identify the labeled parts.

A

Thalamus

Pineal gland

Hypothalamus

Optic chiasma

Infundibulum

Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

49
Q

Thoracic

A

Pertaining to the chest

50
Q

Identify the organs.

A

Right: Pancreas

Left: Liver

51
Q

In terms of up and down, the umbilicus is _____________ to the sternum.

A

Inferior

52
Q

Axillary

A

Pertaining to the armpit

53
Q

The ventral body cavity has two subdivisions: the ____________ and _____________ cavities.

A

Thoracic

Abdominopelvic

54
Q

Pelvic

A

Pertaining to the pelvis region

55
Q

Identify the endocrine glands.

A

Top: Thyroid

Bottom: Parathyroid

56
Q

Proximal/distal

A

Nearer the trunk or attached end/farther from the trunk or the point of attachment

57
Q

If you were to sit on a horse’s back, you would be on the ____________ aspect of the horse.

A

Dorsal

58
Q

Idenitfy the labeled parts.

A

Top left

Optic chiasma

Pars tubularis

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Top right

Third ventricle

Unnecessary blank

Hypothalamus

Bottom right

Median eminence

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Sphenoid bone

59
Q

The ________________ are more medially located as opposed to superior to the kidneys in the fetal pig.

A

Adrenal glands

60
Q

Superficial (external)/deep (internal)

A

Toward or at the body surface/away from the body surface

61
Q

Identify the animal.

Identify the endocrine gland.

A

Rat

Thyroid

62
Q

The colon in the pig is ____________ compared to that of the human.

A

Spiral

63
Q

Occipital

A

Pertaining to the posterior aspect of the head or the base of the skull

64
Q

Axial

A

Relating to the head, neck, and trunk; the axis of the body

65
Q

Anterior/posterior

A

Front/back

In humans, the anterior structures are those that are most forward, and the posterior structures are those toward the backside of the body

66
Q

Identify the labeled parts.

A

Third ventricle

Hypothalamus

Optic chiasma

Mammillary body

Infundibulum

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Pars intermediate

Pars anterior

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

67
Q

The ________ of the fetal pig has 5 lobes as opposed to that in humans, which has 4 lobes.

A

Liver

68
Q

Like the rat, the pig uterus is ________________ as opposed to the simple, undivided pear-shaped human uterus. It has a ____-shaped central chamber from which two ________ extend. The ______________________ are often confused with the much shorter oviducts.

A

Bipartite

Y

Horns

Uterine horns

69
Q

In the pig, the ___________ and vagina emply into a common opening, the ________________, which then connects to the external genitalia. In embryological development, humans have a _________________ too but is then lost as the __________ and ____________ have separate external openings.

A

Uretha

Ureogenital sinus

Ureogenital sinus

Urethra

Vagina

70
Q

The pituitary is ___________ to the hypothalamus.

A

Anterior

71
Q

What does the thoracic cavity hold?

A

Heart and lungs

72
Q

Medial/lateral

A

Toward the midline/away from the midline

(i.e., The breastbone is medial to the ribs; the ear is lateral to the nose)

73
Q

Sacral

A

Pertaining to the region between the hips, overlying the sacrum

74
Q

Identify the male and female rat. Note that the distance between the _____________ and the anus is always greater in ___________ than in ____________.

A

Male (left)

Female (right)

Genital papilla

Males

Females

75
Q

Identify the animal.

Identify the endocrine gland.

A

Thymus

Rat

76
Q

Define anatomical position.

A

A universally standard position in which to refer to specific areas of an animal body.

77
Q
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78
Q
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79
Q
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80
Q
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81
Q
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82
Q
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83
Q
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84
Q
A

Endocrinology (8 decks)

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