Gross Anatomy of Endocrine Glands Flashcards
Identify the labeled parts.
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Sternal
Pertaining to the region of the breastbone
Identify the endocrine glands.
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovary
Testis
What endocrine gland is labeled the number four?
Ovary
Dorsal/ventral
Backside/belly side
What is the sella turcica?
A bondy depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland
What is the major hormone produced by the pineal gland?
Melatonin
The _________________ of the pig is elongated and continues into the umbilitcal cord as the allantoic duct.
Urinary bladder
Identify numbers 1, 2, 3, and 6.
Thymus
Thyroid
Heart
Liver
The _______________ occupies a small portion of the _________ ventricle and extends from the ______________ to the mammillary bodies.
Hypothalamus
Third
Optic chiasma
Lumbar
Pertaining to the area of the back between the ribs and hips; the loin
Melatonin is a hormone produced by the _____________ and regulates ______________________.
Pineal gland
Biological rhythms
What endocrine gland is labeled?
Testis
Dorsum
Pertaining to the back
Pubic
Pertaining to the genital region
In terms of front to back, the nipples are _____________ to the shoulder blades.
Anterior
Is this a male or female pig? How do you know?
Identify the labeled parts.
Female becuase of the presence of the labia folds that form the genital papilla anterior to the urogenital opening
Genital papilla
Urogenital opening
Anus
The _________ is more diffuse in pigs than in humans.
Pancreas
What is this endocrine organ?
Pancreas
Which body cavity holds the brain?
Dorsal cranial cavity
Abdominal
Pertaining to the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs
Oral
Pertaining to the mouth
Vertebral
Pertaining to the area of the spinal column
Superior/inferior
Placement of structure along the axis of the body. Superior structures always appear above other structures, and inferior structures always appear below other structures.
In terms of closeness to the trunk, the elbow is _____________ to the fingers.
Proximal
In terms of nearness to the surface, the pancreas is ___________ to the skin.
Deep
Where is the digestive viscera contained?
Abdominopelvic - abdominal cavity
The __________ cavity contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum.
Pelvic
The anterior pituitary consists of the ___________________ (anterior lobe), which is the largest part. It also includes the ___________________, which spreads dorsally around the ___________________, and the ______________, which is adjacent to the neural lobe and rudimentary in humans.
Pars distalis
Pars tuberalis
Infundibulum stem
Pars intermedia
Cephalic
Pertaining to the head
Where is the pituitary gland located? Where is it housed?
Below the brain in the sella turcica
Buccal
Pertaining to the cheek
The dorsal body cavity is composed of the ________ and _____________ cavities.
Cranial
Vertebral
Identify the endocrine gland and organs.
Adrenal gland
Kidneys
The ____________ (PVN) and ______________ (SO) nuclei produce hormones that are released from the ___________ pituitary. Identify them on the figure.
Paraventricular nucleus
Supraoptic nucleus
Posterior
PVN
SO
Cephalad (cranial)/caudal
Toward the head/toward the tail
The ___________ (POA), ______________ (VMN), and __________ (AR) nuclei are important in regulating the _________ pituitary. Identify each on the labeled diagram.
Preoptic area nucleus
Ventromedial nucleus
Arcuate nucleus
POA
VMN
AR
Which body cavity holds the spinal cord?
Dorsal vertebral cavity
Appendicular
Relating to limbs and their attachments to the axis (i.e., axial)
They hypothalamus is functionally connected to the _______________ pituitary by the _______________ ___________ system. The hypothalamus is connected to the _______________ pituitary by ______________ connection, ___________ extend into the gland.
Anterior
Hypophyseal portal
Posterior
Neural
Axons
The axial portion of the body has two large cavities: ___________ body cavity and ___________ body cavity.
Dorsal
Ventral
Is this a male or female? How do you know?
Identify the labeled parts.
Male because the urogenital opening is caudal to the umbilical cord and the scrotum is anterior to the anus.
Umbilical cord
Urogenital opening
Identify the labeled parts.
Pineal gland
Thalamus
Optic chiasma
Hypothalamus
Identify numbers 44 and 109.
44: Adrenal gland
109: Kidney
The posterior pituitary consists of the ______________ and the ________________.
Pars nervosa
Infundibuluar stem
In terms of closeness to the medial plane, the cheekbones are ______________ to the nose.
Lateral
Identify the labeled parts.
Thalamus
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Optic chiasma
Infundibulum
Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
Thoracic
Pertaining to the chest
Identify the organs.
Right: Pancreas
Left: Liver
In terms of up and down, the umbilicus is _____________ to the sternum.
Inferior
Axillary
Pertaining to the armpit
The ventral body cavity has two subdivisions: the ____________ and _____________ cavities.
Thoracic
Abdominopelvic
Pelvic
Pertaining to the pelvis region
Identify the endocrine glands.
Top: Thyroid
Bottom: Parathyroid
Proximal/distal
Nearer the trunk or attached end/farther from the trunk or the point of attachment
If you were to sit on a horse’s back, you would be on the ____________ aspect of the horse.
Dorsal
Idenitfy the labeled parts.
Top left
Optic chiasma
Pars tubularis
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
Top right
Third ventricle
Unnecessary blank
Hypothalamus
Bottom right
Median eminence
Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
Sphenoid bone
The ________________ are more medially located as opposed to superior to the kidneys in the fetal pig.
Adrenal glands
Superficial (external)/deep (internal)
Toward or at the body surface/away from the body surface
Identify the animal.
Identify the endocrine gland.
Rat
Thyroid
The colon in the pig is ____________ compared to that of the human.
Spiral
Occipital
Pertaining to the posterior aspect of the head or the base of the skull
Axial
Relating to the head, neck, and trunk; the axis of the body
Anterior/posterior
Front/back
In humans, the anterior structures are those that are most forward, and the posterior structures are those toward the backside of the body
Identify the labeled parts.
Third ventricle
Hypothalamus
Optic chiasma
Mammillary body
Infundibulum
Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
Pars intermediate
Pars anterior
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
The ________ of the fetal pig has 5 lobes as opposed to that in humans, which has 4 lobes.
Liver
Like the rat, the pig uterus is ________________ as opposed to the simple, undivided pear-shaped human uterus. It has a ____-shaped central chamber from which two ________ extend. The ______________________ are often confused with the much shorter oviducts.
Bipartite
Y
Horns
Uterine horns
In the pig, the ___________ and vagina emply into a common opening, the ________________, which then connects to the external genitalia. In embryological development, humans have a _________________ too but is then lost as the __________ and ____________ have separate external openings.
Uretha
Ureogenital sinus
Ureogenital sinus
Urethra
Vagina
The pituitary is ___________ to the hypothalamus.
Anterior
What does the thoracic cavity hold?
Heart and lungs
Medial/lateral
Toward the midline/away from the midline
(i.e., The breastbone is medial to the ribs; the ear is lateral to the nose)
Sacral
Pertaining to the region between the hips, overlying the sacrum
Identify the male and female rat. Note that the distance between the _____________ and the anus is always greater in ___________ than in ____________.
Male (left)
Female (right)
Genital papilla
Males
Females
Identify the animal.
Identify the endocrine gland.
Thymus
Rat
Define anatomical position.
A universally standard position in which to refer to specific areas of an animal body.
