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Challenge Bowl > Reproductive (OBGYN) > Flashcards

Reproductive (OBGYN) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the proposed pain mechanism for women w/ primary dysmenorrhea?

A

prostaglandin

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2
Q

What are the 2 MC laparascopic dxs that are made in a woman who is being evaluated for chronic pelvic pain?

A

adhesions & endometriosis

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3
Q

MC type of anemia that is seen w/ pregnancy

A

iron deficieny

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4
Q

MC organism causing UTI in pregnancy

A

E. coli

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5
Q

What is the appropriate timing for the 1hr GTT that is given during pregnancy?

A

24 - 28 wks (if no add’nal risk factors)

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6
Q

At what point in pregnancy is Grp B strep checked in the pregnant female?

A

36 wks gestation

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7
Q

If a pregnant woman is found to be a carrier for grp B strep, when is tx performed?

A

during labor

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8
Q

What is the TOC for a pregnant woman w/ syphillis who is allergic to PCN?

A

tx w/ PCN after desensitization

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9
Q

What vaginal infxn puts a pregnant woman at risk for pre-term labor, PROM, chorioamnionitis, & postpartum endometritis?

A

bacterial vaginosis

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10
Q

TOC for bacterial vaginosis

A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

MCC of congenital infxn of infants in the US

A

Cytomegalovirus

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12
Q

What is the method that is used to identify fetal CMV?

A

Cordocentesis for viral identification

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13
Q

What is the tx of HIV/AIDS in the pregnant woman in order to decrease risk of transmission of the virus to the fetus?

A

AZT (zidovudine)

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14
Q

What is the leading non-obstetrical cause of maternity mortality?

A

PE caused by thromboemolic dz

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15
Q

Tx for a pregnant woman w/ a DVT?

A

Heparin

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16
Q

What is the MC major neurological problem that complicated pregnancy?

A

seizure disorder

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17
Q

What are the 2 MC complications of pregnant women who are treated w/ anti-seizure medications?

A
  1. neural tube defect

2. heart defects

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18
Q

MCly employed therapy for seizure disorder during pregnancy?

A

carbamazepine (Tegretol)

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19
Q

What anti-seizure medication must be avoided in pregnant pt?

A 
Valproic acid (Depakote)
 - highly teratogenic
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20
Q

What is the TOC for the vomiting that occurs w/ hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

Metochlopramide (Reglan)

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21
Q

Classic findings that are seen in pre-eclampsia

A
  • HTN
  • edema
  • proteinuria
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22
Q

What part of the menstrual cycle will the pt w/ premenstrual syndrome be sx-free?

A

follicular phase

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23
Q

What type of med is most effective in the tx of premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysmorphic disorder?

A

SSRIs or meds that suppress ovulation

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24
Q

What 2 subtypes of HPV are MCly assoc. w/ cervical cancer?

A

HPV 16 & 18

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25
Q

What are the MC cell types for cervical cancer?

A

squamous cell (85%)

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26
Q

Name the 3 MC vasomotor sxs seen in a perimenopausal woman

A
  1. hot flashes
  2. night sweats
  3. night-time awakening
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27
Q

MCC of 2ndary amenorrhea

A

pregnancy

2nd cause = endometrial polyps

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28
Q

What agents are used to tx UTI during pregnancy?

A

Cephalexin (Keflex)

- other agents = sulfonamide, nitrofurantoin, & ampicillin

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29
Q

What 2 org are MCly encountered causing PNA in the pregnant pt?

A
  1. streptococcus

2. Mycoplasma

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30
Q

What is the recommended therapy for acute asthma attack in the pregnant pt?

A

inhaled beclomethasone & bronchodilators

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31
Q

What is the MC heart valve abnormality that is encountered during pregnancy that is a serious concern for complications?

A

Mitral stenosis

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32
Q

What is the MCly used serum screening test used in the assessment of possible neural tube defect?

A

maternal serum alpha fetoprotein level at 16-18 wks

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33
Q

What is the most effective therapy for genital atrophy in the perimenopausal woman?

A

estrogen

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34
Q

Pt w/ ongoing pain due to endometriosis who has a TAH BSO undergoes presacral neurectomy for the pain. What is the main SE of this procedure?

A

Constipation & urinary urgency

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35
Q

90% of vulvar cancers are due to what cell type?

A

squamous cell

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36
Q

What type of vaginitis is assoc. w/ an acidic pH on testing?

A

Candidiasis

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37
Q

A woman presents w/ a hx of dyspareunia & worsening dysmenorrhea that often begins before menses. Examination reveals a thickened rectovaginal septum or deviation of the cervix on pelvic examination. What is the most likely dx?

A

Endometriosis

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38
Q

MCC of infertility in women

A

tubal dz (usu due to PID)

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39
Q

What endocrine disorder are pts w/ Polycystic ovary syndrome at risk for acquiring?

A

T2DM

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40
Q

What is the major medication of choice for pts w/ PCOS who wish to lose weight & to decrease insulin resistance?

A

metformin (Glucophage)

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41
Q

The definitive procedure for the dx of endometrial carcinoma

A

D&C

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42
Q

A young adolescent female complains of recurrent menorrhagia & irregular periods that last for 6 mths. She denies any sexual encounter. Examination reveals a neg. pelvic, pap smear, sonogram, & endometrial bx. Most likely dx is:

A

Dysfxnal uterine bleeding (DUB)

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43
Q

What is the leading cause of pregnancy-related death in the 1st trimester?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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44
Q

A pt at 13 wks gestation presents w/ abdominal pain & vaginal bleeding for 6 hrs. The vaginal exam reveal the cervix to be dilated to 2 cm. FHT are 140. There has been no passage of any tissue. What is the correct dx?

A

inevitable abortion

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45
Q

What complication may be seen in pregnant woman who is given a sulfonamide for a UTI in 3rd trimester?

A

Kernicterus

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46
Q

What does HELLP Syndrome stand for?

A

Hemolyis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelets

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47
Q

What is the tx for severe pre-eclampsia?

A

immediate delivery of the baby

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48
Q

Causative org for Chancroid

A

Hemophilus ducreyi

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49
Q

2 MC tx for primary dysmenorrhea

A
  1. OCs

2. NSAIDs

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50
Q

What is the predominant hormone during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

estrogen

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51
Q

What is the main hormone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

progesterone

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52
Q

Primary amenorrhea is lack of menstruation at what age?

A

16 yoa

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53
Q

MCC of 2ndary dysmenorrhea

A

endometriosis

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54
Q

TOC for lymphogranuloma venereum

A

doxycycline (or tetracycline)

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55
Q

FSH >70 is MCly due to…

A

ovarian failure

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56
Q

MCC of menorrhagia in the US

A

uterine fibroids

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57
Q

STD that is assoc w/ a PAINLESS mucosal lesion & INGUINAL BUBOES

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

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58
Q

Type of smear that is done in order to asses for HSV infxn

A

Tzanck smear

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59
Q

Currently approved tx for Gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

- single IM or IV dose

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60
Q

What stage of syphilis does condyloma lata appear?

A

Secondary Syphillis

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61
Q

MC type of bleeding disorder that presents w/ prolonged & heavy menstrual bleeding

A

Von Willebrand Syndrome

62
Q

MCC of significant post-menopausal bleeding

A

endometrial cancer

63
Q

2 approved tx for Chlamydial STD:

A
  1. Doxycycline

2. Azithromycin (Zithromax)

64
Q

STD that leads to cervical dysplasia & cervical cancer most often

A

HPV

65
Q

Type of ovarian cyst that may contain teeth & hair as part of the cyst;

A

teratoma (type of dermoid cyst)

66
Q

when performing a cervical specimen under the Bethesda system, what area is most vital to sample?

A

transformation zone

67
Q

TOC for ACUS cells being seen under Bethesda sys.

A

Endometrial bx & colposcopy

68
Q

Cyst that is normal to find following ovulation

A

corpus luteal cyst

69
Q

chocolate cyst that may be a palpable mass felt on the ovary

A

endometrioma

70
Q

MC reason for ovarian torsion to occur

A

dermoid cyst

71
Q

Midcycle pain that occurs w/ ovulation

A

Mittlesmertz

72
Q

Increased ratio of LH to FSH (3:1) is MCly caused by

A

PCOS

73
Q

Gold standard for making the dx of Chlamydia STD

A

culture

74
Q

Tumor marker MCly used in F/U of ovarian cancer

A

CA-125

75
Q

Causative organism for granuloma inguinale

A

Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

76
Q

failure to induce pregnancy despite one yr of unprotected sexual intercourse

A

infertility

77
Q

primary bacterium that is part of the vaginal flora

A

lactobacillus

78
Q

CLUE CELLS are seen in what gynecological condition?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

79
Q

Substance that must be avoided in a pt who is taking metronidazole (Flagyl)

A

alcohol

80
Q

Single dose therapy indicated for treating candidal vaginitis

A

fluconazole (Diflucan)

81
Q

Vaginal condition producing a STRAWBERRY CERVIX

A

Trichomonas

82
Q

MC new-onset STD in US

A

Chlamydia

83
Q

STD caused by a painful ulcer w/ fluctuant inguinal adenitis

A

Chancroid

84
Q

Type of birth control that is CI for use in a pt w/ cervical dysplasia

A

cervical cap

85
Q

TOC for Paget’s dz of bone

A

bisphosphonates

86
Q

defined as no menstrual cycles for 12 months or FSH >40

A

Menopause

87
Q

SE that MCly occurs w/ the use of raloxifen (Evista) for the tx of osteoporosis

A

increased incidence of hot flashes

88
Q

condition that results from low calcium & vitamin D intake in children resulting in poorly formed bones & bowed legs

A

Rickets

89
Q

Laboratory abnormality that is seen in a pt w/ Paget’s dz

A

increased serum alkaline phosphatase

90
Q

MCC of solid breast mass

A

Fibroadenoma

91
Q

MCC of fever after the immediate puerperium in nursing mothers

A

mastitis

92
Q

type of breast cancer that is MCly assoc. w/ “P’EAU D’ORANGE” skin changes

A

inflammatory BRCA

93
Q

What is the main consideration for non-lactating women who develop mastitis?

A

breast cancer

94
Q

MC organism causing mastitis

A

S. aureus

95
Q

MC type of breast cancer

A

infiltrating intraductal carcinoma

96
Q

The fundus of the uterus is at the level of the umbilicus at how many weeks gestation?

A

20 wks

97
Q

products of conception remain in uterus but not viable

A

incomplete (missed) abortion

98
Q

What is the most likely dx in a woman who has positive BCG test, spotting & unilateral abdominal pain?

A

ectopic pregnancy

99
Q

MC type of invasive breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma (90%)

100
Q

What condition is assoc. w/ infiltrating intraductal cancer in the nipple & ducts of the nipple? This condition may be also assoc. w/ itching or burning of the nipple:

A

Paget’s dz of the breast

101
Q

Softening of the uterus that is felt early in pregnacy

A

Hagar’s sign

102
Q

test performed to determine the dosage for Rho-Gam to be given to a pregnant woman

A

Kleinhaur-Betke test

103
Q

3 or more spontaneous abortions in succession

A

habitual abortion

104
Q

MC location for tubal ectopic pregnancy

A

ampulla

105
Q

MC location for metastasis from molar pregnancy

A

lung

106
Q

time frame that RhoGam is given during pregnancy

A

28 wks

- this will last 12-14 wks & will cover her until delivery

107
Q

Pt presents with pregnancy, edema, HA, RUQ pain, & blurred vision. What is the most likely dz?

A

pre-eclampsia

108
Q

A pregnant pt has bleeding, hyperemesis, & a uterus that is measuring large for gestational size. Lab findings include an HCG that is markedly high for pregnancy date. What is the most likely dx?

A

hydatiform molar pregnancy

109
Q

What class of antihypertensive meds is strictly CI when treating pregnancy- induced HTN?

A

ACE inhibitors - causes renal agensis

110
Q

TOC for seizures due to eclampsia

A

Magnesium, delivery

111
Q

1st sign for magnesium toxicity

A

loss of reflexes

112
Q

complications of this pregnancy-related condition includes macrosomia & shoulder dystocia

A

gestational diabetes

113
Q

cocaine users are at risk for what pregnancy-related condition?

A

placental abruption

114
Q

Pt has IUGR wherein the entire bay is small. What is the primary consideration for this scenario?

A

chromosomal abnormality in baby

115
Q

Medication which has a famous SE of causing scalp defects in the baby

A

PTU

116
Q

At how many weeks does preterm labor occur?

A

prior to 37 weeks gestation

117
Q

3 MCC of 3rd trimester bleeding

A
  1. placenta previa
  2. abruption placentae
  3. vasa previa
118
Q

chronic gynecologic-related pruritus is MCly assoc. w/ what type of GYN cancer?

A

vulvar

119
Q

How can fetal lung maturity be assessed?

A

Lecithin to Sphingomyelin ratio (L/S ratio)

- if >2 the fetal lungs are mature

120
Q

A breast-feeding mother presents to the office complaining of fever, chills, & a swollen red breast. What is the most likely org. causing these sxs?

A

Staph aureus. (Mastitis is most likely 3-4 wks post partum)

121
Q

excessive amount of blood or duration

A

menorrhagia

122
Q

bleeding between menstrual periods

A

metorrhagia

123
Q

excessive amt of blood at irregular frequencies

A

menometorrhagia

124
Q

Ascites & hydrothorax in the presence of an ovarian tumor

A

Meig’s syndrome

125
Q

The ovarian luteal phase corresponds to what phase of the uterus?

A

secretory phase

126
Q

What does a biphasic curve on a basal body temperature chart of a 25 yr old woman indicate?

A

normal ovulation & the effect of progesterone

127
Q

What does a monophasic curve on a basal body temperature mean?

A

anovulatory cycle

128
Q

A basal body temperature graph reveals an elevated temperature that remains elevated throughout the month. What does this most likely mean?

A

pregnancy

129
Q

What is the most accurate test of ovulation

A

endometrial bx

130
Q

How do spontaneous abortions (miscarriages) MCly present?

A

pain followed by bleeding

131
Q

Before what gestation age do most spontanous abortions occur?

A

8-9 weeks

132
Q

No uterine growth, no cervical dilation, no passage of fetal tissue, & minimal cramping or bleeding. Absence of FHT & an empty sac on US. What is the dz?

A

missed abortion

133
Q

Vaginal bleeding, ABDOMINAL PAIN & tetanic uterine contraction, uterine irritability, & fetal death may also be seen.

A

Abruptio placenta

134
Q

When is amniocentesis commonly performed?

A

16-18 wks

135
Q

A pt presents w/ pain in her eyes, canker sores in her mouth, & sores & scars in her genital areas. What is the dx?

A

Behcet’s dz

136
Q

What secretes beta HCG?

A

placenta trophoblasts

137
Q

What is the most accurate prognostic indicator for breast cancer?

A

axillary node involvement

138
Q

Where does cervical cancer most likely metastasize?

A

liver

139
Q

When does an ectopic pregnancy MCly present?

A

6-8 wks gestation

140
Q

For a gestational sac to be visible on US, what must the B-hCG level be?

A
  • transabdominal US = 6500

- transvaginal US = 2000

141
Q

When can an intrauterine gestational sac be identified by abdominal US?

A

5th week

  • fetal pole can be ID’d in the 6th wk
  • embryonic mass w/ cardiac motion in the 7th wk
142
Q

MC site for endometriosis

A

ovaries (60%)

143
Q

DOC for treating endometriosis

A

Danazol

144
Q

What 2 type of cancer that are increased in a pt w/ endometriosis?

A

endometrial & clear cell vaginal cancer

145
Q

Non-invasive image method of choice for diagnosing endometriosis

A

Transvaginal US

146
Q

What is the MCly regarded theory for the induction of endometriosis?

A

retrograde menstruation

147
Q

3 MC sites for endometriosis

A
  1. Ovary
  2. cul de sac
  3. uterosacral ligaments
148
Q

MC finding on a pelvic examination in a woman w/ endometrosis

A

normal exam

149
Q

What is considered to be the gold standard in making the dx of endometriosis?

A

direct visualization during laparoscopy or laparotomy

150
Q

Definitive surgical therapy for endometriosis

A

TAH BSO

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