Endo Flashcards
When epinephrine is released as a counterregulatory hormone to hypoglycemia, what is the MC clinical manifestation?
sweating
What are the 2 main physiologic activities for vasopressin (ADH)?
- conserves water
2. raise BP by causing constriction of the arterioles
What are the 2 main physiologic activities of oxytocin?
- Milk ejection from breasts
2. stimulates uterine contraction
What effect does somatostatin have on GH?
inhibits the release of GH from ant. pit.
How can a pt w/ prolactinoma be treated medically in order to dec. prolactin release?
dopamine agonists can suppress prolactin hormone release
What are the 2 main physiological effects of growth hormone in the body?
- promotes the growth of bone & muscle mass
2. increases blood glucose
What hormone deficiency state is the reason for the majority of adults to present to clinical practice?
FSH & LH deficiency
What is the medical therapy for a pt w/ excess GH secretion in a pt who is post-pubertal?
somastostatin analog (ex octreotide)
What dopamine agonists are used in the mgmt of prolactinoma?
cabergoline & bromocriptine
What hormones are secreted from the various portions of the adrenal gland?
Medulla: catecholamines Epi & NE
Zona glomerulosa: mineralocorticoids
Zona fasciculata: glucocorticoids
Zona reticularis: androgens
What is the classic WBC findings in a pt w/ Cushing’s Syndrome?
leukocytosis
Where is the MC site of ectopic cortisol pdt’n leading to Cushing’s Syndrome?
lung cancer (particularly small cell)
What clinical sign is seen in a pt w/ Addison’s dz that is not in a pt w/ other causes of adrenal insufficiency?
hyperpigmentation
What is the main test used in the assessment of a pt suspected of having Addison’s dz?
ACTH stimulation test
Name the condition that occurs as a result of hemorrhage into both adrenal glands.
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome
What catecholamine is secreted to the greatest extent in a pt w/ pheochromocytoma?
NE > Epi > dopamine
What metabolic effect condition is MCly confused w/ pheochromocytoma?
hyperthyroidism
What effect is seen in the thyroid gland in a pt who has struma ovarii?
hyperthryoidism
- due to increased secretion b/c these ovarian tumors have ectopic thyroid tissue capable of secreting thyroid hormone
What 2 PE signs will be seen in a pt w/ Graves’ dz vs other causes of hyperthyroidism?
- pretibial myxedema
2. exophthalmus
What is the most serious SE that occurs in a pt w/ hyperthyroidism that is treated w/ PTU or methimazole?
agranulocytosis
For a pt w/ hyperthyroidism who is treated w/ radioactive iodine, what is the average length of time until the pt becomes euthyroid?
2-3 mths
What is the classic DTR abnormality that occurs in a pt w/ hypothyroidism?
delayed tendon reflex relaxation
What 2 thyroid Abs are ordered in the assessment of Hashimotos’s thyroiditis?
- thyroid peroxidase
2. antithyroglobulin Abs
What are the 2 MC metabolic effects seen in a pt w/ myxedema coma?
hyponatremia & hypoglycema