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Challenge Bowl > ID (Pearls of Wisdom) > Flashcards

ID (Pearls of Wisdom) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mciroscopic appearance of Candida albicans?

A

either as a singular oval budding yeast or as pseudohyphae

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2
Q

A M pt w/ AIDS (CD4 160), presents w/ substernal odynophagia, GER, & nausea. His tongue & buccal mucosa have thickly coated white plaques that are removable when scraped w/ a tongue blade. What is his dx?

A

Esophageal candidiasis 2ndary to immune compromised state

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3
Q

What would a pt’s CXR reveal during the early stages of a Cryptococcus infxn?

A

A SOLITARY nodule or diffuse noncalcified infiltrates

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4
Q

What is the DOCs for the tx of Cryptococcus?

A

Amphotericin B for 2 wks followed by fluconazole for 6 wks

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5
Q

What is the DOC for the tx of a histoplasmosis infxn?

A

Amphotericin B

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6
Q

What is the DOC for the tx of pneumocystis infxn?

A

Oral Bactrim

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7
Q

A 32 yo M has an insidious onset of fever, fatigue, & nonproductive cough x 4-wk period. He reports h/o intermittent IV drug abuse for 10 yrs. CXR shows bilateral diffuse interstitial infiltrates & labs indicate LDH of 450. Dx?

A

Pneumocystis PNA

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8
Q

What is the MCC of STD in the U.S.?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis infxns

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9
Q

A sexually active 17 yo F presents w/ complaint of vague pelvic pain, dysuria, freq., & urgency. Pelvic is (+) for cervicitis, & cervical motion tenderness. UA is (+) for >5-10 WBC/hpf & 3+ leukocyte esterase. Most likely pathogen?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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10
Q

DOC for the tx of sexually transmitted Chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

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11
Q

As a medical relief aid assigned to an encampment for victims of the Haitian earthquake, over a 3-day period, you observe several members of the camp develop diarrhea that has the appearance of colorless “rice water” stools. NO abd p!, but many are dehydrated. dx?

A

Vibrio cholera outbreak

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12
Q

Family presents w/ their 4 yo child who has a cough, sore throat, & worsening hoarseness x5-7d. On PE she is febrile (101.8) & has multiple throat exudates that coalesce into a gray film covering most of the tonsils & pharynx. cause of sx?

A

Diptheria caused by Corynebacterium diptheriae

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13
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea is confirmed by what type of laboratory test?

A

Gram stain

- see Gram neg. diplococci

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14
Q

A 10 yo F presents w/ a H&P that is consistent w/ vaginitis producing thick, purulent yellow discharge. What is the most likely pathogen?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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15
Q

What is the recommended initial tx for cases of gonorrhea?

A

3rd-gen. cephalosporin (Rocephin) + Azithromycin or doxycycline

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16
Q

What is the MCC of bacterial entercolitis in the U.S.?

A

Salmonella infxn

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17
Q

What is the 1st-line tx for salmonella entercolitis?

A

fluid & electrolyte replenishment

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18
Q

What is the pharmacological tx for persistent salmonellosis?

A

Ampicillin, TMP-SMX, cipro

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19
Q

What is the microscopic makeup of Shigella sp?

A

facultative anaerobe, gram-neg. bacillus

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20
Q

What is the tx for Shigella sp?

A

TMP-SMX or cipro

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21
Q

What causes tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

Gram pos. anaerobic rods

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22
Q

What is the MC infectious dz complication of both measles & influenza?

A

Pneumococcal PNA

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23
Q

What is the tx for persistent E. Coli?

A

TMP-SMX

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24
Q

What is the tx for Giardia lamblia?

A

Tinidazole, metronidazole

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25
Q

What type of bacteria is TB?

A

acid-fast bacillus

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26
Q

What is the MC nonadverse SE of rifampin?

A

orange discoloration of urine & tears

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27
Q

What is the MC intestinal parasite in the U.S.?

A

Giardia

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28
Q

Which parasite may be found in 25-50% of women, causes a watery, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, & has the microscopic appearance of a pear-shaped org. w/ 4 flagellates anteriorly?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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29
Q

What is the abx of choice for Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole

30
Q

What is the most deadly form of malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

31
Q

How is malaria diagnosed?

A

Visualization of parasites on Giemsa-stained blood smears.

32
Q

What is the DOC for treating Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, & Plasmodium malariae?

A

Chloroquine

33
Q

A 5-yo M presents w/ his mother complaining of anal itching esp. at night for the last 3 d. After performing the “Scotch tape” test, small whitish worms are stuck to the tape when viewed under a microscope. Dx?

A

Pinworms

34
Q

What is the MC helminth in the U.S.?

A

Enterobius (pinworms)

35
Q

What is the MC physical complaint in individuals w/ an Enterobius infxn?

A

Perianal pruritus

36
Q

What is the tx for pinworms?

A

Mebendazole

37
Q

Name the MC form of transmission for toxoplasmosis?

A

ingestion of cysts via uncooked or cured meats or feline feces

38
Q

What is the most frequently transmitted tick-borne dz?

A

Lyme dz

-caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi

39
Q

During which months are the incidence of RMSF the highest?

A

April through September

40
Q

A pt presents a 40C fever & a erythematous, macular, & blanching rash which becomes deep red, dusky, papular, & petechial. The pt is vomiting & has a HA, myalgias, & cough. Where did the rash begin?

A

on the flexor surfaces of the ankles & wrists & spreads centrally to the arms, leg, & trunk

41
Q

Which Abx are prescribed for the tx of RMSF?

A

tetracycline or chloramphenicol

42
Q

A 24 yo M pt presents w/ a PAINLESS ulcer to the glans penis. He reports that his last sexual encounter was approx. 3 wks ago. What is the most likely dx assoc. w/ this lesion?

A

Primary chancre from syphillis

43
Q

What is the MC lesion that is seen in secondary syphillis?

A

Condyloma lata

44
Q

A pt is infected w/ Treponema pallidum. What is the tx?

A

benzathine PCN G or doxycycline

45
Q

What is the recommended tx for neurosyphilis?

A

IV PCN G

46
Q

In U.S., CMV is the MCC of what type of infxn?

A

Congenital infxns

47
Q

What is the tx for CMV infxns?

A

Ganciclovir

48
Q

What causes infectious mononucleosis?

A

EBV

49
Q

What is the tx for EBV?

A

Mainly supportive care, hydration, pain meds for sore throat, APAP for fever, & prevention of injury of spleen

50
Q

What causes erythema infectiosum?

A

parvovirus B19

51
Q

What is the main transmission of HSV-1 & HSV-2?

A

HSV-1: Contact w/ oral secretions or lesion, oral genital contact
HSV-2: sexual contact

52
Q

What is the tx for pts w/ HSV?

A

acyclovir

53
Q

What is the MC opportunistic infxn in AIDS pts?

A

Pneumocystis carinii (PCP)

54
Q

What strain of influenza is more common in adults? In children?

A

Adults: Influenza A
Children: Influenza B

55
Q

What strain of influenza is most virulent?

A

Influenza A

56
Q

Influenza epidemics & pandemics are generally assoc. w/ which strain of influenza?

A

Influenza A

57
Q

Name 2 drugs approved for the tx of influenza.

A

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) & zanamivir (Relenza)

58
Q

Amantadine is 70-90% effective in preventing which strain of influenza?

A

influenza A

59
Q

What is a potential resp. complication to influenza?

A

bacterial PNA

60
Q

What is the MC pathogen for this PNA assoc. w/ influenza?

A

S. aureus

61
Q

What is the MC clinical finding on exam in a pt w/ mumps?

A

parotid gland swelling

62
Q

What is a key exam that must be done in a male pt w/ mumps?

A

you must examine the scrotum to look for acute orchitis

63
Q

What is the tx for mumps?

A

none

64
Q

The hallmark lesion of CNS rabies is:

A

Negri bodies

65
Q

What is the etiology of roseola infantum?

A

human herpes virus 6

66
Q

What are the hallmark features of roseola?

A

high-spiking fevers up to a wk followed by a rose-pink maculopapular rash

67
Q

What is the characteristic of a rash caused by measles?

A

it is a maculopapular rash

68
Q

Which vitamin deficiency will cause a worsening of the measles virus?

A

vitamin A

69
Q

What is the MCC of foodborne viral gastroenteritis?

A

Norwalk virus commonly found in shellfish

70
Q

What is the MC presentation of cryptococcosis?

A

Fungal meningitis w/ Cryptococcus neoformans

Challenge Bowl (9 decks)

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