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Reproduction T2 > Reproductive Hormones > Flashcards

Reproductive Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone

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2
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Melatonin

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3
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-stimulating Hormone

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4
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

Oxytocin

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5
Q

Gonads

A

Estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, inhibin, peptide hormones, prostaglandins, and activin

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6
Q

What are the gonadotrophins

A

FSH and LH

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7
Q

Moderation of reproduction through Estradiol Secretion

A

Estradiol has a biphasic effect on gonadotrophin secretion.

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8
Q

GNRH Secretion

A

Pulsatile manner. 7 min half-life. Binds to GnRH receptor on gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary..

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9
Q

Early Follicular phase moderation of reproduction via estradiol

A

Estradiol (moderate levels), has a NEGATIVE FEEDBACK.

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10
Q

Follicular phase moderation of reproduction via estradiol

A

Increased estradiol has POSITIVE FEEDBACK on the secretion of gonadotrophins (mostly LH) which triggers ovulation.

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11
Q

Continuous GnRH secretion

A

Lowers the secretion of gonadotropin hormones due to receptor desensitization

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12
Q

Which hormones are glycoproteins

A

LH and FSH

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13
Q

Composition of the gonadotrophins

A

2 non-identical alpha and beta subunits

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14
Q

Alpha subunit

A

Common to LH and FSH

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15
Q

What is a dimer

A

Combination of alpha and beta subunits

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16
Q

Half-life of FSH and LH

A

FHS has a longer half-life than LH

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17
Q

Beta subunit

A

Biological specificity

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18
Q

Luteinizing hormone stats

A

Regulated by the GnRH and gonadal steroids. Half-life of 30 minutes. Composed of alpha and beta subunits

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19
Q

Pulsation of LH

A

Stimulated by the pulse of GnRH. Increased estrogen leads to the peak of LH which trigger ovulation. Frequency of LH reduces near the end of the luteal phase.

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20
Q

What does LH stimulate

A

With FHS it stimulated estradiol synthesis and ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum, and progesterone secretion in the female. Stimulates secretion of testosterone by Leydig cells in the testes.

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21
Q

Follicle-stimulating Hormone stats

A

Composed of alpha and beta subunits. Half-life of 3-4 hours. Regulated by GnRH, steroids, inhibin and activin

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22
Q

What does FSH stimulate in the female

A

Growth and development of the follicle, ova production, and secretion of estradiol by granulosa cells

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23
Q

What does FSH stimulate in the male

A

Sperm production by the testes and formation of estradiol in Sertoli cells.

24
Q

Hormones involved in the Hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis

A

GnRH, LH/FSH/Estradiol/progesterone, and testosterone in the male

25
Q

Gonadal Steroid Hormones

A

Progesterone Estrogens, Androgens

26
Q

Progestins

A

Progesterone

27
Q

Estrogen

28
Q

Example of an Androgen hormone

A

Testosterone

29
Q

CYP19

A

The aromatase

30
Q

Cholesterol

A

The parent of all steroid hormone synthesis

31
Q

Pathway to progesterone

A

Cholesterol - Pregnenolone - Progesterone

32
Q

Androstenedione

A

Can reversibly make testosterone

33
Q

CYP19 effect on testosterone

A

Creates estradiol

34
Q

CYP19 affect on Androstenedione

A

Makes oestrone

35
Q

Oestrone

A

Can reversibly make estradiol

36
Q

How many carbons are in cholesterol

37
Q

How many carbons are in estrogen

38
Q

How many carbons are in androgens `

39
Q

How many carbons are in progestins

40
Q

Basic steroid hormone synthesis pathway

A

Cholesterol - progestins - androgens - estrogens

41
Q

Leydig cells

A

Within the testis, principal site of androgen/testosterone production

42
Q

Steroid hormones

A

Androgens (mainly testosterone)

43
Q

Peptide hormones

A

Inhibin and activin

44
Q

Androgen hormone function

A

Induce and maintain differentiation of male somatic tissues, secondary sex characteristics of males, support spermatogenesis, regulate secretion of gonadotrophins

45
Q

Male secondary sex characteristics

A

Deep voice, body hair, penile growth

46
Q

Ovarian hormone function

A

Oogenesis/production of gametes and hormone production (estradiol, progesterone, and inhibin)

47
Q

What part of the follicle produces estradiol

A

Granulosa cells

48
Q

Estrogen hormone function

A

growth/activity of mammary gland/endometrium, regulate secretion of gonadotrophins, associated with sexual behavior in some species, stimulate secondary sex characteristics of female, and prepares the endometrium for progestogen action/uterus for spermatozoal transport

49
Q

Progesterone hormone function

A

Regulate gonadotrophin secretion via negative feedback, prepares uterus to receive conceptus, growth of mammary gland but suppression of milk secretion, depresses uterine activity during pregnancy, and promotes the formation of non-penetrable cervical mucous

50
Q

Non-penetrable cervical mucous

A

A plus that forms in the vagina and protects the developing fetus from any infection from that route

51
Q

Inhibin function

A

secreted by granulosa cells of femme and Sertoli cells of masc. Downregulates FSH synthesis and inhibits FSH/LH secretion.

52
Q

Activin Function

A

Produced in the gonads, pituitary gland, placenta. Androgen synthesis enhancing LH action in the ovary/testis. In male, it enhances spermatogenesis

53
Q

Derivation of Prostaglandins

A

Arachidonic Acid (AA)

54
Q

NSAIDs influence on prostaglandins

A

Block PG synthesis

55
Q

Half-life of prostaglandins

A

10 minutes, acting near the site of synthesis

56
Q

Where are prostaglandins produced

A

In the uterus

57
Q

Prostaglandin function

A

Promote sperm motility, assist in embryo implantation and fetal membrane during parturition

Reproduction T2 (6 decks)

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