Reproductive Health Flashcards
where is sperm produced?
seminiferous tubules of testes
when does sperm production start?
tanner stage IV
what hormones stimulate production of sperm?
LH and FSH
what medications can cause erectile dysfunction?
• anticholinergics (antidepressants especially paroxetine, antipsychotics, antihistamine)
• BP meds (especially beta blockers, clonidine and thiazide). Lower rates of ED with ACE-I and ARB
OTC meds: cimetidine, ranitidine
Alcohol
which ED medication is the longest lasting?
tadalafil (Cialis)
* up to 36 hours
which ED medication is also used for concurrent LUTS/BPH?
tadalafil
organism responsible for balanitis?
treatment?
candida
clotrimazole 1% or miconazole 2% BID X 7-14 days
treatment (and duration) for chronic bacterial prostatitis?
cipro 500 mg BID x 4-6 weeks
OR
septra DS BID x 4-6 weeks
treatment (and duration) for acute bacterial prostatitis?
• Treatment:
○ If age <35: ceftriaxone 250 mg IM and doxy 100 mg BID x 10 days
○ If age >35: cipro BID x 10-14 days minimum (up to 4-6 weeks)
Prehn’s sign is positive in which condition?
epididymitis
relief of pain with scrotal elevation
Duration of treatment for acute bacterial epididymitis?
If age <35 or suspect STI:
- doxy BID x 10 days PLUS ceftriaxone 250 mg IM x 1 and treat partner
- to cover CT and GC
If age >35:
-levofloxacin 500 mg x 10 days to cover enteric pathogens
majority of varicoceles are on which side?
90% are on left side
what cancers are associated with BRCA 1 and 2?
Personal or family hx of breast, ovarian, prostate or pancreatic cancer
Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?
Risk factors: ○ Prior ectopic ○ Use of IUD ○ TL ○ IVF
what are the risk factors for breast cancer in men?
cryptorchidism
positive fam hx
BRCA 1/2 mutation
what is the most fertile time period for a female?
Most fertile time period: 1-2 days before ovulation
**copious clear mucous that is thin and elastic
cervical cancer screening 20 and younger?
do not screen regardless of sex
cervical cancer screening 21-29?
LBC or conventional pap q3 years
no HPV co-testing for age <30
cervical cancer screening 30-65?
LBC or conventional pap or LBC+HPV
every 3 years if conventional/LBC pap
every 5 years if LBC + HPV
cervical cancer screening older than 65 or hysterectomy not due to cancer?
no paps
what is a Tzanck Smear?
for herpes (positive = large abnormal nuclei, not normally used test)
considerations for transdermal evra patch with weight >90 kg?
Decreased effectiveness and increased VTE risk for wt >90kg
diaphragm should be left in vagina for _____ hours
cervical cap can be left in vagina for ______ hours
diaphragm: leave in for 6-8 hours minimum, up to 24
cervical cap: leave in for up to 48 hours
how is primary amenorrhea defined?
Absence of menarche by age 15 with normal pubertal development
Absence of menarche by 13 with no secondary sexual development
Absence of menarche within 1-2 years of tanner 5
how is secondary amenorrhea defined?
Absence of period for:
3 months or more if previously regular cycles
6 months or more if irregular cycles
what initial lab tests should be ordered for secondary amenorrhea?
FSH, prolactin, TSH
USPTF recommends routine osteoporosis screening for women ______
age 65 and older
HPV types 6 and 11 are linked to ______
HPV types 16 and 18 are linked to ______
6 and 11: genital warts
16 and 18: genital malignancies
PSA testing:
when to stop offering screening for prostate cancer?
age 70
PSA testing
if PSA <2.5, when to repeat?
If PSA 2.5 or higher, when to repeat?
<2.5: every 2 years
2.5 and higher: annually
