Endo Flashcards

1
Q

what class of medication is given to alleviate symptoms of hyperstimulation in Grave’s

A

beta blockers

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2
Q

what 2 medications carry increase risk of hypothyroidism?

how often should TSH be checked if patients are on these medications?

A

amiodarone
lithium

TSH q3-6 months

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3
Q

Grave’s disease is a form of autoimmune ____ thyroidism

______ will be positive in Grave’s

A

hyperthyroidism

Thyroid receptor antibodies

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4
Q

Hashimoto’s disease is a form of autoimmune ____ thyroidism

______ will be positive in Hashimoto’s

A

hypothyroidism

Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO)

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5
Q

US ranges for prediabetes

A1C
Fasting glucose
2 hr OGTT

A

A1C 5.7-6.4
Fasting glucose 100-125
2 hr OGTT (75 g) of 140-199

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6
Q

US diagnostic criteria for diabetes

A1C
Fasting glucose
2 hr OGTT

A
  • A1C 6.5+
    • Fasting glucose 126+
    • 2 hr OGTT (75 g) of 200+
    • symptoms (polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia) plus random blood glucose 200+
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7
Q

what is the BP goal for people with diabetes

A

130/80

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8
Q

what is the definition of level 1 hypoglycemia?

level 2?

A
  • Level 1 FBS 70 mg/dL and under

* Level 2 FBS 54 mg/dL and under

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9
Q

what class of DM medications has a black box warning for people with NYHA class III and IV heart failure?

A

Thiazolidinediones

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10
Q

which class of DM med has increased risk of pancreatitis?

A

GLP-1 receptor agonists

DPP4

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11
Q

what class of DM medications is contraindicated if personal/fam hx medullary thyroid carcinoma, MEN-2?

A

GLP-1 receptor agonists

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12
Q

what class of DM medications carries FDA warning for DKA?

A

SGLT-2 inhibitor

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13
Q

what are some side effects of SGLT-2 inhibitor?

A
  • weight loss
  • polyuria
  • increased UTI, yeast infections
  • increased risk of lower limb amputation
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14
Q

what class of DM medications cause weight gain?

A
  • insulin

- sulfonylureas

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15
Q

which class of DM medication carries risk of lactic acidosis?

A

biguanides (metformin)

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16
Q

people with gestational diabetes should be screened for diabetes again at _____ postpartum

A

6-12 weeks

17
Q

what are symptoms of adrenal crisis?

A
hypotension
vomiting
abdo pain
fever
mental status change (confusion --> coma)
18
Q

what are symptoms of chronic adrenal insufficiency?

A
  • fatigue
  • anorexia
  • weight loss
  • abdo pain
  • muscle pain
  • joint pain
19
Q

what is the treatment for Addison’s disease?

A

need to be on hydrocortisone lifelong
15-25 mg/day to correct cortisol deficiency
*highest dose in the morning

fludrocortisone 50-100 mcg daily to correct aldosterone deficiency

20
Q

when should hydrocortisone dose in Addison’s disease by increased?

A
  • surgery
  • fever or severe illness
  • after trauma

*need to wear medic alert bracelet

21
Q

what is deficient in Addison’s disease?

A

cortisol

aldosterone

22
Q

most common causes of primary adrenal insufficiency?

A
  • autoimmune destruction (adrenal antibodies)
  • TB
  • HIV
  • disseminated fungal infections
  • adrenal metastases
23
Q

what electrolyte abnormalities are seen in acute adrenal crisis?

A

hyponatremia

hyperkalemia

24
Q

what is the most common cause of Cushing’s?

A

iatrogenic (excess exogenous steroid use)

followed by ACTH-producing tumor

25
Q

what are two diagnostic tests for Cushing’s?

A

late-night salivary cortisol
24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion

need to do two tests