Endo

Question 1

what class of medication is given to alleviate symptoms of hyperstimulation in Grave’s

Answer 1

beta blockers

Question 2

what 2 medications carry increase risk of hypothyroidism?

how often should TSH be checked if patients are on these medications?

Answer 2

amiodarone
lithium

TSH q3-6 months

Question 3

Grave’s disease is a form of autoimmune ____ thyroidism

______ will be positive in Grave’s

Answer 3

hyperthyroidism

Thyroid receptor antibodies

Question 4

Hashimoto’s disease is a form of autoimmune ____ thyroidism

______ will be positive in Hashimoto’s

Answer 4

hypothyroidism

Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO)

Question 5

US ranges for prediabetes

A1C
Fasting glucose
2 hr OGTT

Answer 5

A1C 5.7-6.4
Fasting glucose 100-125
2 hr OGTT (75 g) of 140-199

Question 6

US diagnostic criteria for diabetes

A1C
Fasting glucose
2 hr OGTT

Answer 6

• A1C 6.5+
  
  • Fasting glucose 126+
  • 2 hr OGTT (75 g) of 200+
  • symptoms (polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia) plus random blood glucose 200+

Question 7

what is the BP goal for people with diabetes

Answer 7

130/80

Question 8

what is the definition of level 1 hypoglycemia?

level 2?

Answer 8

• Level 1 FBS 70 mg/dL and under

* Level 2 FBS 54 mg/dL and under

Question 9

what class of DM medications has a black box warning for people with NYHA class III and IV heart failure?

Answer 9

Thiazolidinediones

Question 10

which class of DM med has increased risk of pancreatitis?

Answer 10

GLP-1 receptor agonists

DPP4

Question 11

what class of DM medications is contraindicated if personal/fam hx medullary thyroid carcinoma, MEN-2?

Answer 11

GLP-1 receptor agonists

Question 12

what class of DM medications carries FDA warning for DKA?

Answer 12

SGLT-2 inhibitor

Question 13

what are some side effects of SGLT-2 inhibitor?

Answer 13

• weight loss
• polyuria
• increased UTI, yeast infections
• increased risk of lower limb amputation

Question 14

what class of DM medications cause weight gain?

Answer 14

• insulin

- sulfonylureas

Question 15

which class of DM medication carries risk of lactic acidosis?

Answer 15

biguanides (metformin)

Question 16

people with gestational diabetes should be screened for diabetes again at _____ postpartum

Answer 16

6-12 weeks

Question 17

what are symptoms of adrenal crisis?

Answer 17

hypotension
vomiting
abdo pain
fever
mental status change (confusion --> coma)

Question 18

what are symptoms of chronic adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 18

• fatigue
• anorexia
• weight loss
• abdo pain
• muscle pain
• joint pain

Question 19

what is the treatment for Addison’s disease?

Answer 19

need to be on hydrocortisone lifelong
15-25 mg/day to correct cortisol deficiency
*highest dose in the morning

fludrocortisone 50-100 mcg daily to correct aldosterone deficiency

Question 20

when should hydrocortisone dose in Addison’s disease by increased?

Answer 20

• surgery
• fever or severe illness
• after trauma

*need to wear medic alert bracelet

Question 21

what is deficient in Addison’s disease?

Answer 21

cortisol

aldosterone

Question 22

most common causes of primary adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 22

• autoimmune destruction (adrenal antibodies)
• TB
• HIV
• disseminated fungal infections
• adrenal metastases

Question 23

what electrolyte abnormalities are seen in acute adrenal crisis?

Answer 23

hyponatremia

hyperkalemia

Question 24

what is the most common cause of Cushing’s?

Answer 24

iatrogenic (excess exogenous steroid use)

followed by ACTH-producing tumor

Question 25

what are two diagnostic tests for Cushing’s?

Answer 25

late-night salivary cortisol
24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion

need to do two tests