Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, and Menopause

Question 1

Average duration of the ovarian cycle

Answer 1

28 days

Question 2

By convention, day 1 of the ovarian cycle coincides with the:

Answer 2

First day of menstruation

Question 3

This phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by rising levels of estrogen, thickening of the endometrium, and selection of dominant “ovulatory” follicle

Answer 3

Follicular phase

Question 4

At birth, a female person has approximately how many oocytes?

Answer 4

2 million

Question 5

At puberty, a woman has approximately how many oocytes?

Answer 5

400,000

Question 6

Primary oocytes are arrested at:

Answer 6

Prophase I

Question 7

Meiosis of the primary oocyte resumes at

Answer 7

Ovulation

Question 8

Meiosis II is arrested at metaphase and is completed:

Answer 8

When fertilization occurs

Question 9

Two oocyte growth factors that regulate proliferation & differentiation of granulosa cells as primary follicles grow and stabilize and expand the cumulus oocyte complex in the oviduct

Answer 9

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9)

Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15)

Question 10

Granulosa cells secrete this hormone to prevent FSH release

Answer 10

Inhibin B

Question 11

Luteinizing hormone peaks how many hours before ovulation?

Answer 11

10-12 hours

Question 12

The postovulatory phase is constant at ___ days in duration

Answer 12

12-14 days

Question 13

Mid-luteal phase is a secondary rise that reaches a peak production of 0.25 mg/day of this hormone

Answer 13

17B-estradiol

Question 14

Ovarian progesterone peaks at ___ during the midluteal phase.

Answer 14

25 to 50 mg/day

Question 15

Transient endocrine organ that will rapidly regress 9 to 11 days after ovulation

Answer 15

Corpus luteum

Question 16

In the early proliferative phase, the endometrium is how many mm thick?

Question 17

In the proliferative phase, mitotic activity in both epithelium and stroma of the endometrium persists until days:

Answer 17

16 to 17, or 2 to 3 days after ovulation

Question 18

The exclusive site of FSH receptor expression

Answer 18

Granulosa cells

Question 19

Accumulation of this substance at the basal portion of the glandular epithelium is considered the first sign of ovulation (D17 of menstrual cycle)

Answer 19

Glycogen

Question 20

These days of the menstrual cycle are considered the window period of implantation

Answer 20

Days 21 to 24

Question 21

Endometrial stromal and epithelial cells produce this chemotactic factor that serves to recruit neutrophils prior to menstruation

Answer 21

Interleukin-8

Question 22

Prostaglandin that is associated with vasoconstriction of spiral arteries, causing the uppermost endometrial zones to become hypoxic

Answer 22

PGF2-alpha

Question 23

Endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor and a product of vascular endothelial cells, is degraded by this [enzyme] located in endometrial stromal cells.

Answer 23

Enkephalinase

Question 24

In pregnancy, the decidua parietalis and decidua capsularis fuse to become

Answer 24

Decidua vera

Question 25

The specialized, highly modified endometrium of pregnancy

Answer 25

Decidua

Question 26

Defined as the cessation of menses before age 40 years

Answer 26

Premature ovarian failure

Question 27

Average age at final menstrual period

Answer 27

51.5 years

Question 28

Point in time that follows one year after the cessation of menstruation

Answer 28

Menopause

Question 29

In the evaluation of amenorrhea, serum levels of this hormone is measured to determine if hypogonadism is hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic

Answer 29

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 30

Triad of polycystic ovarian syndrome

Answer 30

Chronic anovulation
Hyperandrogenism
Polycystic ovaries

Question 31

The beading pattern of cervical mucus is brought about by what hormone?

Answer 31

Progesterone

Question 32

What is the predominant estrogen in pregnancy? This hormone also serves as am indicator of fetal well-being.

Answer 32

Estriol