Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, and Menopause Flashcards
Average duration of the ovarian cycle
28 days
By convention, day 1 of the ovarian cycle coincides with the:
First day of menstruation
This phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by rising levels of estrogen, thickening of the endometrium, and selection of dominant “ovulatory” follicle
Follicular phase
At birth, a female person has approximately how many oocytes?
2 million
At puberty, a woman has approximately how many oocytes?
400,000
Primary oocytes are arrested at:
Prophase I
Meiosis of the primary oocyte resumes at
Ovulation
Meiosis II is arrested at metaphase and is completed:
When fertilization occurs
Two oocyte growth factors that regulate proliferation & differentiation of granulosa cells as primary follicles grow and stabilize and expand the cumulus oocyte complex in the oviduct
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9)
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15)
Granulosa cells secrete this hormone to prevent FSH release
Inhibin B
Luteinizing hormone peaks how many hours before ovulation?
10-12 hours
The postovulatory phase is constant at ___ days in duration
12-14 days
Mid-luteal phase is a secondary rise that reaches a peak production of 0.25 mg/day of this hormone
17B-estradiol
Ovarian progesterone peaks at ___ during the midluteal phase.
25 to 50 mg/day
Transient endocrine organ that will rapidly regress 9 to 11 days after ovulation
Corpus luteum
In the early proliferative phase, the endometrium is how many mm thick?
In the proliferative phase, mitotic activity in both epithelium and stroma of the endometrium persists until days:
16 to 17, or 2 to 3 days after ovulation
The exclusive site of FSH receptor expression
Granulosa cells
Accumulation of this substance at the basal portion of the glandular epithelium is considered the first sign of ovulation (D17 of menstrual cycle)
Glycogen
These days of the menstrual cycle are considered the window period of implantation
Days 21 to 24
Endometrial stromal and epithelial cells produce this chemotactic factor that serves to recruit neutrophils prior to menstruation
Interleukin-8
Prostaglandin that is associated with vasoconstriction of spiral arteries, causing the uppermost endometrial zones to become hypoxic
PGF2-alpha
Endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor and a product of vascular endothelial cells, is degraded by this [enzyme] located in endometrial stromal cells.
Enkephalinase
In pregnancy, the decidua parietalis and decidua capsularis fuse to become
Decidua vera
The specialized, highly modified endometrium of pregnancy
Decidua
Defined as the cessation of menses before age 40 years
Premature ovarian failure
Average age at final menstrual period
51.5 years
Point in time that follows one year after the cessation of menstruation
Menopause
In the evaluation of amenorrhea, serum levels of this hormone is measured to determine if hypogonadism is hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Triad of polycystic ovarian syndrome
Chronic anovulation
Hyperandrogenism
Polycystic ovaries
The beading pattern of cervical mucus is brought about by what hormone?
Progesterone
What is the predominant estrogen in pregnancy? This hormone also serves as am indicator of fetal well-being.
Estriol
