Placentation and Embryogenesis Flashcards
Reaction that renders the secondary oocyte impermeable to other sperm
Cortical reaction
At 32 -cell stage, the blastomeres form a ___, which consists of an inner cell mass and outer cell mass
Morula
In blastocyst formation, the inner cell mass is now called the:
Embryoblast
Trophoblast layer that divides mitotically
Cytotrophoblast
Trophoblast layer that is the dominant producer of hCG
Syncytiotrophoblast
A process that establishes the three germ layers
Gastrulation
The formation of the heart and extremities are completed by how many weeks post conception?
8 weeks
Identify the FDA category:
Adequate and well-controlled human studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters).
Category A
Identify the FDA category:
Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women
Category B
Identify the FDA category:
Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester.
Category B
Identify the FDA category:
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
Category C
Identify the FDA category:
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
Category D
Identify the FDA category:
Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.
Category X
Identify the FDA category: Folic acid
Category A
Identify the FDA category: Isotretinoin
Category X
Identify the FDA category: Thalidomide
Category X
Identify the FDA category: Paroxetine
Category C
Identify the FDA category: Paracetamol
Category B
Identify the FDA category: Amoxicillin
Category B
Identify the FDA category: Aspirin
Category D
Identify the FDA category: Cephalexin
Category B
Identify the FDA category: Tetracycline
Category D
Identify the FDA category: Phenytoin
Category D
The amnion is first identifiable at how many days of life?
7th to 8th day
Normal amniotic fluid volume at 12 weeks
60 mL
The maximum amniotic fluid volume (1 L) is usually attained by:
34-36 weeks
Average amniotic fluid volume at term
840 mL
Average number of cotyledons
15-20
Average length of the umbilical cord at term
55 cm
Extracellular matrix of specialized connective tissue in the placenta
Wharton jelly
hCG is detectable in the plasma of pregnant women how many days after the midcycle surge of LH?
7 to 9 days
hCG doubles every how many hours?
48 hours
Maximal levels of hCG are attained at:
8-10 weeks
hCG is mainly eliminated by the:
Liver
Nadir of hCG levels are reached at
16 weeks
Near term, how much hPL is produced per day?
~1 g/day
Primary source of progesterone after 8 weeks’ gestation
Syncytiotrophoblast
The corpus luteum is the primary producer of progesterone at:
First 6-7 weeks of pregnancy
Preferred precursor of progesterone synthesis in pregnancy
Maternal LDL cholesterol
Estrogen that is a marker of fetal well-being
Estriol
In this enzyme deficiency, there is virilization of the mother and the female fetus
Fetal-placental aromatase deficiency
Major malformations from teratogens pccur during how many weeks of conception?
3rd to 8th week
