Placentation and Embryogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Reaction that renders the secondary oocyte impermeable to other sperm

A

Cortical reaction

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2
Q

At 32 -cell stage, the blastomeres form a ___, which consists of an inner cell mass and outer cell mass

A

Morula

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3
Q

In blastocyst formation, the inner cell mass is now called the:

A

Embryoblast

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4
Q

Trophoblast layer that divides mitotically

A

Cytotrophoblast

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5
Q

Trophoblast layer that is the dominant producer of hCG

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

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6
Q

A process that establishes the three germ layers

A

Gastrulation

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7
Q

The formation of the heart and extremities are completed by how many weeks post conception?

A

8 weeks

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8
Q

Identify the FDA category:
Adequate and well-controlled human studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters).

A

Category A

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9
Q

Identify the FDA category:
Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women

A

Category B

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10
Q

Identify the FDA category:
Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester.

A

Category B

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11
Q

Identify the FDA category:
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

A

Category C

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12
Q

Identify the FDA category:
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

A

Category D

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13
Q

Identify the FDA category:
Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.

A

Category X

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14
Q

Identify the FDA category: Folic acid

A

Category A

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15
Q

Identify the FDA category: Isotretinoin

A

Category X

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16
Q

Identify the FDA category: Thalidomide

A

Category X

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17
Q

Identify the FDA category: Paroxetine

A

Category C

18
Q

Identify the FDA category: Paracetamol

A

Category B

19
Q

Identify the FDA category: Amoxicillin

A

Category B

20
Q

Identify the FDA category: Aspirin

A

Category D

21
Q

Identify the FDA category: Cephalexin

A

Category B

22
Q

Identify the FDA category: Tetracycline

A

Category D

23
Q

Identify the FDA category: Phenytoin

A

Category D

24
Q

The amnion is first identifiable at how many days of life?

A

7th to 8th day

25
Q

Normal amniotic fluid volume at 12 weeks

A

60 mL

26
Q

The maximum amniotic fluid volume (1 L) is usually attained by:

A

34-36 weeks

27
Q

Average amniotic fluid volume at term

A

840 mL

28
Q

Average number of cotyledons

A

15-20

29
Q

Average length of the umbilical cord at term

A

55 cm

30
Q

Extracellular matrix of specialized connective tissue in the placenta

A

Wharton jelly

31
Q

hCG is detectable in the plasma of pregnant women how many days after the midcycle surge of LH?

A

7 to 9 days

32
Q

hCG doubles every how many hours?

A

48 hours

33
Q

Maximal levels of hCG are attained at:

A

8-10 weeks

34
Q

hCG is mainly eliminated by the:

A

Liver

35
Q

Nadir of hCG levels are reached at

A

16 weeks

36
Q

Near term, how much hPL is produced per day?

A

~1 g/day

37
Q

Primary source of progesterone after 8 weeks’ gestation

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

38
Q

The corpus luteum is the primary producer of progesterone at:

A

First 6-7 weeks of pregnancy

39
Q

Preferred precursor of progesterone synthesis in pregnancy

A

Maternal LDL cholesterol

40
Q

Estrogen that is a marker of fetal well-being

A

Estriol

41
Q

In this enzyme deficiency, there is virilization of the mother and the female fetus

A

Fetal-placental aromatase deficiency

42
Q

Major malformations from teratogens pccur during how many weeks of conception?

A

3rd to 8th week