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Endocrinology yr2 > Reproductive endocrinology > Flashcards

Reproductive endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

3 key male testes cell

A

sertoli
leydig
germ cells

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2
Q

whats the role of Leydig cells

A

produce testosterone

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3
Q

role of the sertoli cells

A

functional somatic cells
essential for teste formation and
secrete androgen binding protein

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4
Q

which part of the teste is essential for ability to fertilise

A

the epididymis

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5
Q

what are androgens

A

male sex hormones made in leydig cells in response to pituitary LH
made from cholesterol

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6
Q

how is testosterone made

A

in response to LH on leydig cells

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7
Q

role of LH in males

A

LH binds to surface receptors (G-proteins) on leydig cells
activates cAMP production and protein kinase A
this causes testosterone to be made from cholesterole

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8
Q

role os FSH

A 
binds to G proteins on setoli cells
stimulates cAMP/protein kinase A
this causes sertoli cells to make-
- adrogen binding prtein
- nutrients needed for smperatogenesis
- inhbin
- aromatase
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9
Q

role of inhibin

A

a protein hormone that controls FSH secretion

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10
Q

testosterone

A

some metabolised in testses and certain tissues to DHT which is more potent

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11
Q

DHT

A

Di-hydro-testosterone

a more potent androgen

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12
Q

action of androgens

A

dissociates fom androgen binding protein and diffuses into cells
binds to intracellular receptor
alterns gene expression and protein sysnthesis

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13
Q

do cells prefer DHT or T?

A

cells bind DHT with higer affinity

because its moe potent

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14
Q

androgen receptor

A

ligand dependent transcipion factor

it can translocate to nucleus and alter gene expression from here

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15
Q

roles of testosterone in males

A

promotes growth and maturation of repoductive dystem at puberty
spermatogenesis
maintains repdocutive tract
controls gonadotrophin secretion via neg feedback

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16
Q

what does androgen do on secondary sex characteristics

A

promote body growth and muscle masses
increases the lean to fat ratio
promotion of bone growth and male hair patterning
voice deepens

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17
Q

what happens to hormones as puberty is reached

A

increased GnRH
gonadotrophs more sensitive
decreases neg feedback sensitivity
spermatogenesis

18
Q

what two hormones are relased from the Ant pit to affect male testes

A

FSH and LH

19
Q

whats the role of LH in males

A

LH targets the leydig cells to stimulate testosterone production

20
Q

whats the role of FHS in males

A

tagets the sertoli cells to make androgen binding protein and spermatogenesis
inhibin also secreted by sertoli cells

21
Q

role of inhibin in males

A

made by the sertoli cells

negative feedback on FSH production

22
Q

what does the menstrual cycle represent?

A

hormonal changes in a female

first day of bleedining = day 1 of cycle and

23
Q

what do the ovaries produce

A

eostrogens, progesterone and ovum

24
Q

what does the basal body temp rise during the menstrual cycle

A

as progesterone peaks, the basal body temp will rise in the 2nd half of the cycle
this can be used to predict times of fertility

25
Q

what causes folicles of eggs to develop?

A

surges of LH stimulate oestrogen production

FSH promotes folliculara growth

26
Q

role on inhibin in females

A

supress FSH from the pituitary

27
Q

describe the HPO axis in menstrution

A

the hypothalamus releases GnRH
this stimulates the pituitary gland to make LH and FSH
these both stimuate the ovaries to ovulate and the further development of the follicle and secretion of oestrogens and inhibin
inhibin has neg feedback role on FSH from pit
oestrogen can also have neg feedback role

28
Q

role of FSH being released from pit

A

binds to ovaries causing the development of ovarian follicles and secretion of oestrogen and inhibin

29
Q

role of LH being secreted from the pit

A

production of oestrogen

coversion into corpus luteum to make progesterone

30
Q

in pregnancy what occurs hormonally

A

GnRH, FSH and LH are all inhibited causing cessation of menstruation

31
Q

outline the follicular stage

A 
start of cycle
FHS rises
follicles stimulated
oestrogen made from follicles
folicles mature
oesterogen canuses lining to thicken
LH now suges
folicle now ruptures and ovum released
32
Q

outline the luteal phase

A 
corpus luteum starts making progesterone
endometrium ready to receive egg
neg feedback, lower LH and FSH
levels falling means corpus degernates, no progeserone now
trigges menstruation
33
Q

what happens in menstruation if an egg is implanted

A

a fertilised ovum will produve hCG
this has similar role to LH and prevents degeneration of corpus luteum
progesterone levels stready

34
Q

what are the menstrual stages

A

follicular and luteal

35
Q

what are the uterine stages

A

proliferate
secretory
menstrual

36
Q

what is the proliferative uterine stage

A

endometrium exposed to oestrogen
causes growth and repair of the functionl layer
proliferation of the endometrium
- increased thickness, more vascularisation

37
Q

whats the secretory uterine stage

A

begin once ovulated
driven by progesterone and corpus
endometrial glands secrteion to make uterus welcoming for embryo

38
Q

whats the menstrual uterine phase

A 
if no implanation
corpus degerates
decreases progeterone
loss of blood suply to endometrium
endometrium shed out of vagina
39
Q

how are fertility drugs used?

A

increase changes of getting pregnant

FSH used in IVF to stimuate multile follicles to develop

40
Q

how are anti-fertility drugs used

A

contraception
synthetic oestrogen or progesterone to inhibit follicle development and ovulation
neg feedback on HPO xis

41
Q

what bodily effects do oestrogen have on a female

A
  • endomentrium to thicken
  • mucus less hostile
  • bone development
  • breast devellopment
  • fat deposition
42
Q

what is a mature follicle called?

A

Graafadian follicle

Endocrinology yr2 (9 decks)

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