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Physiology > Reproductive Endocrinology > Flashcards

Reproductive Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

The endocrine system uses _____ and _____

A

Hormones; chemical messengers

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2
Q

Hormones secreted influence function of target cells at _______

A

Distant sites

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3
Q

A hormone can be either _______ or _______

A

Endocrine; neuroendocrine

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4
Q

_______, ________, and ______ are controlled by feedback mechanisms

A

Secretion, transport, and clearance

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5
Q

Transport depends on

A
  • water solubility

- whether a hormone is protein bound

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6
Q

Clearance via

A
  • metabolic destruction
  • binding with tissues
  • hepatic excretion
  • renal excretion
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7
Q

What are the 3 anatomical structures that produce reproductive hormones?

A
  • hypothalamus
  • pituitary gland
  • gonads (testicles, ovaries)
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8
Q

What is considered to be the “master organ”?

A

Hypothalamus

- has a combo neuro and endocrine center

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9
Q

The hypothalamus regulates

A
  • endocrine system
  • body temp
  • appetite
  • sexual behavior
  • fear/rage centers
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10
Q

The hypothalamus controls the action of the ______

A

Pituitary

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11
Q

Median eminence

A

Connects hypothalamus with the pituitary

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12
Q

The portal vessel communicates with the ______

A

Anterior pituitary

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13
Q

The hypothalamus secretes _____

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH)

  • secreted by axons
  • enters into portal system and carried to pituitary
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14
Q

Anterior pituitary

A
  • located below hypothalamus

- receives GnRH via portal system

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15
Q

AP releases ____ and ______

A
  • lutenizing hormone (LH)

- follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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16
Q

_____ drives ovulation

A

LH

  • is possible to stimulate an endogenous LH surge via GnRH
  • could use HCG with LH-like properties
17
Q

______ drives follicular waves in cattle

A

FSH

- is exploited to super-ovulate cattle

18
Q

Release of GnRH

A
  • surge center: releases large volume of GnRH

- tonic center: slow, consistent release of GnRH, and can “gush” GnRH right before ovulation

19
Q

Release of oxytocin

A

Hypothalamus makes oxytocin that is released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary

20
Q

Oxytocin

A

Formed in paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

  • travels down nerve endings to posterior pituitary
  • released by exocytosis
21
Q

Oxytocin is a _______ hormone

A

Neuroendocrine

22
Q

Oxytocin assists with

A
  • milk let down

- uterine contractions

23
Q

Gonads

A

Receive hormonal stimulation from the gonadotropins released from the anterior pituitary
- FSH and LH

24
Q

Testicles secrete ____ and _____

A

Testosterone; estrogen

25
Q

LH acts on ______ to secrete ______ (males)

A

Leydig cells; testosterone

26
Q

FSH stimulates _____ to produce _____ from testosterone

A

Sertoli cells; estrogen

27
Q

Testosterone

A

Responsible for male characteristics

  • penis/scrotum formation
  • testicular descent
  • muscle formation
28
Q

SRY gene

A

Causes genital ridge to produce testosterone and become testes
= male phenotypic sex results

29
Q

Ovaries secrete ____ and _____

A

Estrogen; progesterone

30
Q

FSH acts on the _____ to produce _____ (female)

A

Ovary (follicle); estrogen

- stimulates follicular development

31
Q

LH acts on the _____ to stimulate _____ (female)

A

Ovary; ovulation

- corpus luteum function

32
Q

What happens before ovulation?

A

Hypothalamus produces GnRH –> AP produces LH and FSH –> acts on ovary = follicular development –> follicle produces estrogen –> E2 has + feedback to the surge center and drives the cycle –> threshold of + feedback leads to GnRH surge –> tremendous release of LH = ovulation

33
Q

Inhibin

A

Suppresses additional LH release

- stops the positive feedback process and keeps animal from being a litter bearing species

34
Q

You could flood with _____ to override inhibin

A

LH

35
Q

What is happening after ovulation?

A

Corpus luteum produces progesterone –> - feedback to hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

36
Q

You could give a stallion ______ to regulate their behavior

A

Progesterone

37
Q

Male feedback system

A

GnRH produced by hypothalamus —> causes pituitary to produce LH and FSH, which has + effect on Leydig and Sertoli —> Leydig secretes testosterone = virilizing effects (+), behavioral effects, and a + effect on sertoli cells —> Sertoli cell does spermatogenesis (+), or secretes inhibin which has negative feedback on pituitary and hypothalamus

38
Q

Testosterone has negative feedback on the _____ and ______

A

Pituitary and hypothalamus

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