Endocrine Hormones

Question 1

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 1

• hypothalamus
• stimulates secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin
• peptide

Question 2

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 2

• hypothalamus
• causes release of adrenocorticotropic hormone
• peptide

Question 3

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

Answer 3

• hypothalamus
• causes release of growth hormone
• peptide

Question 4

Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (somatostatin)

Answer 4

• hypothalamus
• inhibits release of growth hormone
• peptide

Question 5

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 5

• hypothalamus

- causes release of lutenizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 6

Dopamine or prolactin-inhibiting factor

Answer 6

• hypothalamus
• inhibits release of prolactin
• amine

Question 7

Growth hormone

Answer 7

• anterior pituitary
• stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth of most cells and tissues
• peptide

Question 8

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer 8

• anterior pituitary
• stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine)
• peptide

Question 9

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 9

• anterior pituitary
• stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenocortical hormones (cortisol, androgens, aldosterone)
• peptide

Question 10

Prolactin

Answer 10

• anterior pituitary
• promotes development of the female breasts and secretion of milk
• peptide

Question 11

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer 11

• anterior pituitary
• causes growth of follicles in the ovaries and sperm maturation in sertoli cells of testes
• peptide

Question 12

Luteninzing hormone

Answer 12

• anterior pituitary
• stimulates testosterone synthesis in leydig cells of testes
• stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries
• peptide

Question 13

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 13

• posterior pituitary
• increases water reabsorption by the kidneys and causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure
• peptide

Question 14

Oxytocin

Answer 14

• posterior pituitary
• stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions
• peptide

Question 15

Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 15

• thyroid
• increases the rates of chemical reactions in most cells, thus increasing body metabolic rate
• amine

Question 16

Calcitonin

Answer 16

• thyroid
• promotes deposition of calcium in the bones and decreases extracellular fluid calcium ion concentration
• peptide

Question 17

Cortisol

Answer 17

• adrenal cortex
• multiple metabolic functions for controlling metabolism of proteins, carbs, and fats
• also anti-inflammatory effects
• steroid

Question 18

Aldosterone

Answer 18

• adrenal cortex
• increases renal sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion, and H ion secretion
• steroid

Question 19

Norepinephrine, epinephrine

Answer 19

• adrenal medulla
• same effects as sympathetic stimulation
• amine

Question 20

Insulin (beta cells)

Answer 20

• pancreas
• promotes glucose entry in many cells, controls carb metabolism
• peptide

Question 21

Glucagon (alpha cells)

Answer 21

• pancreas
• increases synthesis and release of glucose from liver into the body fluids
• peptide

Question 22

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 22

• parathyroid
• controls serum calcium ion concentration by increasing calcium absorption by the gut and kidneys and releasing calcium from bones
• peptide

Question 23

Testosterone

Answer 23

• testes
• promotes development of male repro system and secondary sex characteristics
• steroid

Question 24

Estrogens

Answer 24

• ovaries
• promotes growth and development of female repro system, female breasts, female secondary sex characteristics
• steroid

Question 25

Progesterone

Answer 25

• ovaries
• stimulates secretion of uterine milk by the uterine endometrial glands and promotes development of secretory apparatus of breasts
• steroid