reproductive endocrinology

Question 1

Androgens

Answer 1

Testosterone, DHEA

Primary male reproductive hormones but also present in females

Question 2

Ostroegns

Answer 2

Female reproductive hormones

Oestradiol

Question 3

GOnadotrophins

Answer 3

LH and FSH

Question 4

Sex hormones

Answer 4

Testosterone and oestrogen, progesterone

Question 5

Hypothalamopituatary gonadal axis

Answer 5

Hypothalamus 
GnRH 
Anterior pituitary
LH and FSH 
Ovaries release oestrogen and progesterone, testes testosterone

Question 6

Hypothalamo-pituitary axis

Answer 6

Hypothalamus
Anterior pituatary
Thyroid, adrenals, gonads

Question 7

LH function

Answer 7

Smtulation of testerone secretion

Question 8

FSH function

Answer 8

Spermatogenesis

Oestrogen synthesis

Question 9

DHEA

Answer 9

Weaker androgens

Secondary sexual characteristics in female - pubic and axillary hair

Question 10

Testosterone

Answer 10

Secondary sexual characteristics

Spermatogenesis

Question 11

Progesterone

Answer 11

Maintenance of pregnancy

Question 12

Oestrogen

Answer 12

Development of secondary sexual characeristics

Growth of ovarian follicles

Question 13

Male reproductive system - how does spermatogenesis occur

Answer 13

LH acs on leydig cells to produce testosterone

Testosterone acts of FSH on Sertoli cells to stimulate spermatogenesis

Question 14

Male androgens - intrauterine actions

Answer 14

Development of genitalia
Programming of male behaviour
Development of male phenotype

Question 15

male androgens – puberty actions

Answer 15

Increase in muscle mass 
Increase in skin thickness 
Fusion of growth plates 
Development of pubic and axillary hair 
Hypertropy of larynx

Question 16

Male androgens - adult actions

Answer 16

Reproductive effects including spermatogenesis, maitence of secondary sexual characteristics
Metabolic effects on eg bone density, muscle mass

Question 17

Female reproductive system

Answer 17

GnRH stimulates LH and FSH production
LH stimulates secretion of testoerone
Testosterone is converted to oestrogen(oestradiol) in granulosa cells - catalysed by aromatase ( increased by SFH )

Question 18

Menstural cycle

Answer 18

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)- Pituitary gland Causes an egg to mature in an ovary. Stimulates the ovaries to release oestrogen

Oestrogen-Ovaries- Stops FSH being produced (so that only one egg matures in a cycle). Repairs, thickens and maintains the uterus lining. Stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH.

LH (luteinising hormone)-Pituitary gland-Triggers ovulation (the release of a mature egg)

Progesterone -Ovaries- Maintains the lining of the uterus during the middle part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy.

Question 19

menstrual cycle = follicle

Answer 19

Follicle
Eye released
Corpus lute
Collapsed

Question 20

What happens at menopause

Answer 20

Oestradiol and progesterone drops

FH and LH rise

Question 21

Puberty ?

Answer 21

Slight increase

Question 22

Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism

Answer 22

LH/FSH high, testosterone or oestradiol low -

Question 23

Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

Answer 23

LH/FSH and testoerone/ oestradiol all low

Question 24

Primary vs secondary problem

Answer 24

Primary - never menstruated

Secondary - menustration then stopped

Question 25

Causes of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism

Answer 25

menopause
Ovarian/testicular failure
Congenital 0 klinefelters syndrome, testcicular Genesis

Question 26

Hyogonadotropic hypogonadism causes explained

Answer 26

LH, FSH low- pituartry or hypothalamic disorder

Testeorone, oestrogeen low - lack of stimulation

Question 27

Full causes of hypogonadrotropic hypogonadism

Answer 27

Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
kallmans sydrome

Damage to hypothalamus, trauma and stress