growth lectures

Question 1

PHCR / red book

Answer 1

Used to record data on family and birth related info, growth, immunisations

Question 2

Puberty in girls

Answer 2

Earlier than boys

Question 3

Types of cell changes

Answer 3

Hypertropy = larger cell
Hyperplasia = double cell 
Differentiation = new type 
Apoptosis = death
Migration - move

Question 4

Factors that influence growth

Answer 4

Nutrition
Genetics
Environment

Question 5

Genetics influencing growth

Answer 5

Insulin like growth factor 1 , growth hormone

Question 6

How do we grow

Answer 6

Increase in cell size/ number

Growth requires building blocks, fuel and hormones

Question 7

Growth hormone

Answer 7

Anterior pituartry peptide hormone
Causes growth in most tissues that can grow
Promotes differentiation in some cell types
Binds to GH receptor in target tissues
Works with IGF-1

Question 8

GH SECRETION

Answer 8

SLEEP - often secreted the most at night

GHRH - growth hormone releasing hormone

Question 9

Negative feedback of GH secretion

Answer 9

GH stimulates SS ( somatostatin)

SS inhibits GH release = negative feedback

Question 10

Actions of GH

Answer 10

ACute = metabolic change

Long term= growth promotion

Question 11

Acute GH release

Answer 11

Protein = increase in AA uptake and utilisation
Increase in protein synthesis
Decrease in protein catabolism

Lipid - lipogenesis decreases

Carbs = decreased glucose uptake, increased blood glucose

PROTECTION OF PROTEIN

Question 12

GH actions - longterm

Answer 12

GH induces IGF-1 in the blood that mediates the actions of GH

Question 13

Direct effects of GH

Answer 13

On GH receptor 
Anti insulin 
Diabetogenic effects 
- increase in blood glucose and protein synthesis 
effect on adipose tissue

Question 14

Indirect effects of GH

Answer 14

Multiple tissues
Liver
depend on inulin like growth factor
Bone growth

Question 15

How does insulin effect adipose tissue formation ( DIRECT)

Answer 15

Simtulates lipogenesis

Stimulates proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of differentiated adipocytes

Question 16

GH effecting adipose tissue formation( direct )

Answer 16

Inhibits lipogenesis( reduces fat mass) and promotes lipolysis ( available energy)

Question 17

Adrenal glands 0 adipose tissue ( direct)

Answer 17

Cortex- glucocorticoids, visceral fat increased

Medulla - adrenaline - lipolysis

Question 18

regulation of bone growth ( indirect) - GH and insulin lie growth factor

Answer 18

Growth hormone - stimulates expression on IGF 1

IGF-1
Promitogenic ( chondorblasts increased)
Recruitment of precursor cells
Maintenance of differentiated state

Question 19

Glycorticoids and androgens - regulation of bone growth ( indirect)

Answer 19

Glucocorticoids - permissive, but in chronic high does leads to bone loss
Androgens - testeosterone surge during puberty accelerates growth plate closure

Question 20

GH deficiency

Answer 20

RARE

causes: GH recepto defect, IGf 1 deficiency/ carrier protein defect

Question 21

Excess GH

Answer 21

Causes by pitarary tutors
- BEFORE epiphyseal growth plate has closed = giantism
AFTER closure = acromegaly

Question 22

Effect of GH on blood glucose

Answer 22

GH release increases blood glucose

THEN raising blood glucose inhibits GH secretion

Question 23

does gh make u slimmer

Answer 23

yes