Reproductive Disorders Flashcards
what is the menstrual cycle
the natural rise and fall of estrogen and progesterone
what does FSH do
tells ovary to produce estrogen
what age is precosious puberty
6/7
what age is delayed puberty
no onset of menarche by age 13
what is amenorrhea
absence of menstrual period for 3-6 mo
primary reasoning for amenorhea
birth defects
genetic disorders
secondary reasoning for amenorrhea
pregnancy
drastic wt loss/gain
stress/anxiety
excessive exercsie
pcos
hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction
menopause
what is dysmenorrhea
painful periods
what are the causes of dysmenorrhea
excess prostaglandin release
hormonal imbalance
IUD
leiomyoma of uterus (cyst)
ovarian cyst
endometriosis
pelvic inflammatory disease
cancer
how to treat dysmenorrhea
anti-prostaglandin pill
hormonal contraceptive
what is menhorrhagia
excessive menstrual bleeding
menses greater than 7 days
what is metrorrhagia
excessive uterine bleeding
both at time of normal period and more frequency
what is oligomenorrhea
infrequent periods
prolonged time between periods
what is pms
abnormal response to neurotransmitters prior to menstruation
what is used to treat pms
ssris
what is pmdd
more severe form of PMS
interferes with work, school, social, and relationships
fatigue
pain
anxiety
hyper/insomnic
abnormal food cravings
characteristics of menopause
age 51
12 consecutive months without period
cannot get pregnant
characteristics of perimenopause
occurs in 40s
irregular periods
wt gain
mood swings
still can get pregnant
what is atrophic vaginitis
decrease in natural vag lubricant
ph change-yeast overgrowth and painful sex
what is endometriosis
growth of endometrial tossue outside of the uterus
grows on ovaries, uterine ligaments, rectovaginal septum, pelvic peritoneum, umbilicus, vagina, vulva, and appendix
when does testosterone surge happen
10-13
what does LH stimulate in males
testes to release testosterone
what does FSH stimulate in males
synthesis of sperm
what is phimosis
foreskin is too constricted
what is paraphimosis
foreskin is permanently retracted
what is peyronie’s disease
middle-age to elderly
inflammatory vasculitis
penis is curved
what is priapism
abnormally prolonged erection
painful
obstructive cuases of male infertility
repeated infecitons
swelling
vasectomy
nonobstructive cases of male infertility
deficiencies in sperm formation
oligospermia (low)
azoospermia (no sperm)
what is BPH
excessive cell growth of prostate
growth can obstruct urine flow
s&s of BPH
frequent need to urinate
void small amounts of urine
incomplete bladder emptying
treatment for BPH
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
PDE5 inhibitors
surgery
what can cause ed
alc
ahterosclerosis
prescription meds
diabetes
stress
tirdness
depression
anxiety
metabolic syndrome
smoking
what is testicular torsion
twisting of spermatic cord leading to ichemia and infarction
unilateral pain and swelling
how to treat testicular torsion
surgery
what can cause testicular torsion
trauma
vigorous exercise
present at birth
diagnostic tests for testicular cancer
chemistry profile
tumor markers
AFP and b-HCG
ct scan and lymph node assessment
