Reproductive Disorders

Question 1

what is the menstrual cycle

Answer 1

the natural rise and fall of estrogen and progesterone

Question 2

what does FSH do

Answer 2

tells ovary to produce estrogen

Question 3

what age is precosious puberty

Answer 3

6/7

Question 4

what age is delayed puberty

Answer 4

no onset of menarche by age 13

Question 5

what is amenorrhea

Answer 5

absence of menstrual period for 3-6 mo

Question 6

primary reasoning for amenorhea

Answer 6

birth defects
genetic disorders

Question 7

secondary reasoning for amenorrhea

Answer 7

pregnancy
drastic wt loss/gain
stress/anxiety
excessive exercsie
pcos
hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction
menopause

Question 8

what is dysmenorrhea

Answer 8

painful periods

Question 9

what are the causes of dysmenorrhea

Answer 9

excess prostaglandin release
hormonal imbalance
IUD
leiomyoma of uterus (cyst)
ovarian cyst
endometriosis
pelvic inflammatory disease
cancer

Question 10

how to treat dysmenorrhea

Answer 10

anti-prostaglandin pill
hormonal contraceptive

Question 11

what is menhorrhagia

Answer 11

excessive menstrual bleeding
menses greater than 7 days

Question 12

what is metrorrhagia

Answer 12

excessive uterine bleeding
both at time of normal period and more frequency

Question 13

what is oligomenorrhea

Answer 13

infrequent periods
prolonged time between periods

Question 14

what is pms

Answer 14

abnormal response to neurotransmitters prior to menstruation

Question 15

what is used to treat pms

Answer 15

ssris

Question 16

what is pmdd

Answer 16

more severe form of PMS
interferes with work, school, social, and relationships
fatigue
pain
anxiety
hyper/insomnic
abnormal food cravings

Question 17

characteristics of menopause

Answer 17

age 51
12 consecutive months without period
cannot get pregnant

Question 18

characteristics of perimenopause

Answer 18

occurs in 40s
irregular periods
wt gain
mood swings
still can get pregnant

Question 19

what is atrophic vaginitis

Answer 19

decrease in natural vag lubricant
ph change-yeast overgrowth and painful sex

Question 20

what is endometriosis

Answer 20

growth of endometrial tossue outside of the uterus
grows on ovaries, uterine ligaments, rectovaginal septum, pelvic peritoneum, umbilicus, vagina, vulva, and appendix

Question 21

when does testosterone surge happen

Answer 21

10-13

Question 22

what does LH stimulate in males

Answer 22

testes to release testosterone

Question 23

what does FSH stimulate in males

Answer 23

synthesis of sperm

Question 24

what is phimosis

Answer 24

foreskin is too constricted

Question 25

what is paraphimosis

Answer 25

foreskin is permanently retracted

Question 26

what is peyronie’s disease

Answer 26

middle-age to elderly
inflammatory vasculitis
penis is curved

Question 27

what is priapism

Answer 27

abnormally prolonged erection
painful

Question 28

obstructive cuases of male infertility

Answer 28

repeated infecitons
swelling
vasectomy

Question 29

nonobstructive cases of male infertility

Answer 29

deficiencies in sperm formation
oligospermia (low)
azoospermia (no sperm)

Question 30

what is BPH

Answer 30

excessive cell growth of prostate
growth can obstruct urine flow

Question 31

s&s of BPH

Answer 31

frequent need to urinate
void small amounts of urine
incomplete bladder emptying

Question 32

treatment for BPH

Answer 32

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
PDE5 inhibitors
surgery

Question 33

what can cause ed

Answer 33

alc
ahterosclerosis
prescription meds
diabetes
stress
tirdness
depression
anxiety
metabolic syndrome
smoking

Question 34

what is testicular torsion

Answer 34

twisting of spermatic cord leading to ichemia and infarction
unilateral pain and swelling

Question 35

how to treat testicular torsion

Answer 35

surgery

Question 36

what can cause testicular torsion

Answer 36

trauma
vigorous exercise
present at birth

Question 37

diagnostic tests for testicular cancer

Answer 37

chemistry profile
tumor markers
AFP and b-HCG
ct scan and lymph node assessment