Mobility Flashcards
number of bones in adult body
206
what is cortical bone
dense
what is trabecular bone
spongy, cancellous
what is osteogenesis
bone growth
when does the skeleton stop growing
25
what is the diaphysis
the shaft
what is the epiphyses
ends
what are osteoblasts
bone forming cells
cannot divide
what are osteoprogenitor cells
infant osteoblasts
can divide
“stem cells”
what are osteocytes
mature osteoblasts
maintain matrix
cannot divide
what are osteoclasts
break down bone
bone resorption into bloodstream
what is a sprain
overstretch of ligament with possible tear
what is a strain
overstretch of muscle or tendon
5 stages of fracture
fracture-inflammatory phase
granulation formation-fibroblasts
osteoblasts-callus-extracellular matrix
lamellar bone phase-bone strengthens
remodeling
what is carpal tunnel syndrome
increased pressure on median nerve
cumulative trauma disorder
affect at least 2 of the first through 3rd fingers
parasthesia with pain worse at nigth
diagnosis for CTS
phalen signs with hyperflexion of wrist for 60 sec
press back of hands together
ACL injury
primary knee stabilizer
prevents forward displacement of the tibia and femur
MCL injury
rotational injury
what is valgus
forces to lateral aspect
what is varus
forces to medial aspect
hip fracture injury
osteoporotic degeneration of hip
instability of joint and inability to bear wt
femoral neck fractures most common
femoral head fractures typically d/t trauma
vertebral compression fracture
pathognomonic of osteoporosis
wt of body exceeds load vertebrae can support
treatment for vertebral compression fracture
muscle relaxants
calcitonin
external support devices
calcium, vit d, bisphosphonates
femur shaft fracture
significant force needed
abundant blood supply: large amount of bleeding
displacement of fracture: muscles surrounding fracture pull on bones
1 leg significantly shorter
transverse fracture
broken perpendicular
spiral fracture
twisting
comminuted fracture
broken in @ least 2 places
open fracture
bone is sticking out (compound)
tibia-fibula fracture
both bones often fractured together
may be open fractures
what structure is adjacent to distal fibula
common peroneal nerve
what structure is adjacent to tibia
popliteal artery
what assessments are done
neurovascular always first, look for internal bleeding
what is delayed union
fracture healing taking longer than expected
what is nonunion
fracture with no chance of healing
concerned with osteomyolitis
what is malunion
healing of bone in unacceptable position
surgery
what is compartment syndrome
tissue pressure exceeds perfusion pressure in close anatomical space
ischemia, necrosis, fx impairment
weak distal pulses/none
immediate surgical eval
what is osteoporosis
osteoclast>osteoblast
what is osteoarthrtis
degeneration of joints
what is degenerative disc disease
compressed/misaligned
what is hydroxyapatite
calcium and phosphate crystals circulating
poor bone health
what is articular cartilage deterioration
chondrocytes produce cartilage
subchondral bone deterioration
what is osteopenia
thinning of trabecular bone matrix
what is primary osteoporosis
d/t diet, lack of exercise, no underlying disease processes
what is secondary osteoporosis
cancer and thyroid issues
what is OA
trauma to joints over course of life
excess wt increase risk in wt nearing joints
hips, knees, and ankles
physical exam findings for OA
joint deformity
joint tenderness
decreased ROM
fingers involved
differences btwn OA and RA
OA: degenerative joint diease…aging or excessive trauma. 10% of population. Knee, hip, hand, interphalangeal joints. Joint swelling and osteophyte formation. Joint pain, stiffness, tenderness, worse in morning and better as day progresses. Tylenol, COX-2 inhibitors, NSAIDs, and joint replacement to treat
RA: autoimmune, autoantibodies found in joint space. 1% of population. Hand, metacarpophalangeal joints. Joint swelling and deformity, intense inflammation with joint erosion. Joint pain, stiffness, tenderness, systemic: fever, myalgias, fatigue. Methotrexate and MABs to treat. Bilateral and equal.
what is DDD
nervous system affected as vertebral disc distortions compromise spinal nerves
s&s of lumbar DDD
pain in low back that radiates down leg
pain in butt/thighs
pain worsens when sitting, bending, lifting, or twisting
pain minimized when walking, changing positions, or lying down
numbness, tingling, or weakness in legs
foot drop
s&s of cervical DDD
chronic neck pain radiating to shoulders and down arms
numbness or tingling in arms or hand
weakness of arm to hand
