Reproductive Diseases

Question 1

What does UM&R stand for?

Answer 1

Uniform Methods and Rules

Question 2

What is the normal abortion rate for a healthy herd?

Answer 2

1-2%

Question 3

How does copper deficiency correlate to reproductive issues?

Answer 3

A copper deficiency correlates to poor fertility. It can easily be fixed with supplementation.

Question 4

What are low-level, spontaneous abortions attributed to?

Answer 4

Hormonal imbalances, severe malformations, and non-contagious opportunistic bacterial infections.

Question 5

What percentage of abortions are not diagnosed or explained

Answer 5

50%

Question 6

What are the most common opportunistic bacterias that cause abortion?

Answer 6

E. Coli and Trueperella puogenes

Question 7

IBR in relation to abortion.

Answer 7

“Red nose” causes late term abortions, typically 30 dairy more after the cow or ewe is infected. Annual or biannual vaccination is easily achievable because the vaccine is inexpensive.

Question 8

Abortion following a systemic illness.

Answer 8

Any systemic infection that causes a fever is likely to cause an abortion. Respiratory diseases are common for this. Toxemia and infected placentas are also seen from these infections.

Question 9

Leptospirosis

Answer 9

Spread via animals urine. Hardjobovis and and hardjoprajitno are two strains causing abortions. Not seen very often in Wyoming because of vaccination

Question 10

Brucellosis in cattle

Answer 10

Causes late term abortions. Controlled by keeping elk and cattle very separated (Feb-June). Zoonotic
Can spread to humans when they’re handling the placenta. Presents as flu-like symptoms in humans.
Reportable disease.

Question 11

Brucellosis in sheep

Answer 11

Causes damage to the testes and epididymus. Relates to infertility in male sheep. Can cause abortion too

Question 12

Brucellosis in goats

Answer 12

Causes Malta fever. This causes the most severe form of human brucellosis. Very rare in Wyoming.

Question 13

What is a form of horizontal infection

Answer 13

Transmission from fecal matter.

Question 14

Neosporosis

Answer 14

Transmitted by dogs and fecal matter.
Calves infected in uterus will transmit to their offspring if they survive.
Most common diagnosed cause of abortion in many dairy herds.

Question 15

What is a type of vertical transmission?

Answer 15

In utero transmission from parent to offspring

Question 16

What is a lentivirus?

Answer 16

A slow acting virus where there is an onset of symptoms after infection.

Question 17

Listeriosis

Answer 17

Associated with spoiled silage.
Causes sporadic abortion in cattle and sheep.
Causes food poisoning in humans
Affects the CNS and causes circling disease.

Question 18

Locoweed in terms of reproductive harm.

Answer 18

Consumption of Locoweed will cause cows to be open.