Reproductive Cycle

Question 0

HPG axis

Answer 0

Hypothalamus releases GnRH, anterior pituitary releases releases LH and FSH, and these hormones would stimulate ovaries to secrete estrogen and progesterone

Question 1

3 phases of reproductive cycle

Answer 1

Follicular (from 1st day of menses to LH surge), LH surge in day 14, and luteal phase (begins with LH surge and ends with onset of menses)

Question 2

Granulosa cells

Answer 2

Single inner later of immature oocyte. Produce estrogen, including estradiol and estrone

Question 3

Theca cells

Answer 3

Produce androgen, which is the precursor for estrogen production by granulosa cells. Androgens enter granulosa by diffusion.

Question 4

Hormone that binds to thecal cells

Answer 4

LH

Question 5

Hormone that binds to granulosa cells

Answer 5

FSH

Question 6

GnRH testing

Answer 6

Cannot be tested as it has a short half life. Can measure LH pulses to determine.

Question 7

Ovary response to FSH and LH

Answer 7

With subsequent negative feedback, later in the follicular phase peak estrogen level from dominant follicle has positive feedback on pituitary which stimulates mid cycle LH surge

Question 8

In terms of endometrium the phases are called…

Answer 8

Proliferative and secretory

Question 9

What starts menses?

Answer 9

When conception doesn’t occur and corpus luteum involutes, and hence prog and est levels decrease

Question 10

How long menses last on avg?

Answer 10

3to 7 days

Question 11

What stops menses

Answer 11

Rising of estrogen in early follicular phase

Question 12

Which mature follicle becomes dominant?

Answer 12

The one with grease number of granulosa cells, FSH receptors, and highest estradiol production

Question 13

LH surge

Answer 13

Meiosis of primary follicle resumes and first polar body is released

Question 14

Luteal phase

Answer 14

Switch from predominance from estrogen to progesterone

Question 15

Progesterone

Answer 15

Has negative feedback on both FSH and LH

Question 16

Progesterone secretion

Answer 16

Corpus luteum secretes another 6 to 7 wks after fertilization and then placenta takes over the job

Question 17

Proliferative phase of endometrium

Answer 17

Estrogen is the dominant hormone. Stimulates endometrial cell growth, in ovulatory phase the thickness reaches it’s max

Question 18

Secretory phase of endometrium

Answer 18

Progesterone is the dominant hormone. Makes endometrial layer edema toys and loose. Blood vessels in the endometrium are thickened. With the withdrawal of progesterone, Menses begin.

Question 19

Anovulation

Answer 19

If ovulation does not occur, estrogen continues to be produced and endometrium continues to thicken. Endometrium eventually outgrows it a blood supply and sections of it slough off intermittently. Without progesterone withdrawal it doesn’t happen all at once, so you have abnormal uterine bleeding.

Question 20

Endocervix

Answer 20

Produces a lot of clear mucus during estrogen secretion (follicular phase) and reaches its peak at ovulation.

Question 21

Breast changes with reproductive cycle

Answer 21

Progesterone during LH phase increase ductal and glandular tissue on breast = breast enlargement and tenderness

Question 22

Progesterone and temp

Answer 22

Increases temp by .5 to 1 F