Reproductive Anatomy, Well-Person Care, Menstrual Cycle

Question 1

Mons Pubis

Answer 1

Top, fatty area

Question 2

What bones do you sit on?

Answer 2

Ischial Spine

Question 3

Which ligament separates during pregnancy and causes pain?

Answer 3

Symphysis Pubis

Question 4

Ovaries

Answer 4

Responsible for growing and releasing the ovum

Question 5

What is it called when there is leftover ruptured follicle in the ovaries?

Answer 5

Corpus Luteum

Question 6

Fallopian Tubes

Answer 6

Receive ovum and transport fertilized egg or unfertilized ovum via muscle contractions and cilia to the uterus

Question 7

Where does fertilization happen?

Answer 7

Ampulla

Question 8

Uterus

Answer 8

Creates and sheds endometrial lining each month if person is not pregnant

Question 9

Vagina

Answer 9

Expels shed endometrial layer and receives semen

Question 10

What builds up and sheds during periods?

Answer 10

Endometrium

Question 11

Which ligament gets pulled with any movement?

Answer 11

Round ligament of uterus

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted from the hypothalamus and triggers the pituitary?

Answer 12

Gondatropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Question 13

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 13

Secreted by anterior pituitary

Matures follicle

Days 1-14

Question 14

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 14

“BOOSTER”

Secreted by anterior pituitary

Finishes maturation of follicle

Days 15-28

Question 15

Which hormone creates the corpus luteum?

Answer 15

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 16

Estrogen

Answer 16

Secreted primarily by ovaries

Causes endometrial mucosa “proliferation”

Causes myometrial contractility in uterus and fallopian tubes

“Bed” for fetus

Question 17

Progesterone

Answer 17

Secreted by corpus luteum

“Pro-gestation”

Decreases uterine motility and contractility

Relaxes smooth muscle - vasodilation of uterus - ready for implantation

Spiral arteries lengthen and coil

Cells become “hyper-secretory” to provide nutrients in case zygote arrives

Causes cervix to secrete thick viscous mucous

Increases body temp 0.5-1.0 F

Inhibits prolactin, decreasing breastmilk production

Question 18

Where is the source of progesterone during pregnancy?

Answer 18

Placenta

Question 19

Ovarian Cycle

Answer 19

Hypothalamus releases GnRH

GnRH triggers anterior pituitary

FSH stimulates follicle to grow

LH BOOSTS follicle to grow rapidly and release ovum - ovulation

Ovum gets directed to fallopian tube from fimbrae and travels down fallopian tube thanks to estrogen induced peristalsis

Remaining deflated balloon becomes corpus luteum and releases progesterone

Question 20

Uterine Cycle

Answer 20

Uterus which has just had Menses and sloughed much of endometrial layer off

Ovary secretes estrogen causing endometrium to build up again during proliferative phase (up to day 14)

Progesterone secreted by corpus luteum (day 15+) causes vasodilation in uterus, spiral artery formation, cells to become hyper-secretory to nourish possible zygote, and quites/relaxes uterus to inhibit contractions

If no implantation, endometrium sheds

Question 21

Ovulation

Answer 21

Follicle matures under effects of FSH

Ovum is released into fallopian tube

Corpus luteum forms from ruptured follicle (produces progesterone if fertilization happens)

Question 22

About what day does the LH surge and causes full maturation of follicle?

Answer 22

Day 14

Question 23

How long is the ovum viable for?

Answer 23

12-24 hours

Question 24

Menstruation

Answer 24

IF fertilization does not occur

Some endometrial areas are shed

Low levels of estrogen

Spiral arteries vaso-constrict

Question 25

How long is the menstruation cycle length?

Answer 25

Varies 24-38 days

Question 26

How long does Menses last?

Answer 26

3-7 days

Question 27

What is an average monthly blood loss?

Answer 27

25-60 mL

Question 28

Amenorrhea

Answer 28

No period

Question 29

Primary Amenorrhea

Answer 29

Menstruation not established by 16 years old

Question 30

Secondary Amenorrhea

Answer 30

Pregnancy #1 cause Frequently stressed Excessive exercise-induced

Question 31

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 31

Painful period

Question 32

What increases uterine contractility and decrease uterine artery blood flow which can lead to ischemia?

Answer 32

Prostaglandins

Question 33

Mammogram

Answer 33

Soft tissue x-ray of breast without contrast

Question 34

When should you get a mammogram?

Answer 34

Recommended annually for women > 40-45 years

Question 35

What is the recommendation for a mammogram if family member was diagnosed with breast cancer?

Answer 35

Recommended 10 years before age that family member was diagnosed

Question 36

Clinical Breast Exam

Answer 36

Every 1-3 years

Question 37

Pap Smear

Answer 37

Sample taken from cervix Detects abnormal cervical cells Can detect HPV Can detect some STIs

Question 38

When is it recommended to get a Pap smear?

Answer 38

Age 21

Question 39

Male Reproductive Organs

Answer 39

Sperm continue to be produced throughout life Sperm is excreted through urethra

Question 40

How long can sperm live in the female reproductive tract?

Answer 40

2-3 days

Question 41

Where are the testes located?

Answer 41

In the scrotum to keep the sperm cooler

Question 42

What male reproductive organ is cauterized or excised in a vasectomy?

Answer 42

Scrotal Vas Deferens