Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
Which structures make up the superior pelvic aperture (pelvic inlet)?
Sacral promontory, ala of the sacrum, arcuate line of the ilium, pecten pubis, pubic tubercle, pubic crest and pubic symphysis
Which parts of the pelvis are named the true/lesser pelvis?
Pelvic cavity and pelvic viscera (located inferiorly)
Which parts of the pelvis are named the false/greater pelvis?
Iliac crests, and everything bony above the inlet. Provides support of the lower abdominal viscera
What are the features of the male pelvis?
- taller and narrower male pelvis
- narrower lesser pelvis
- narrower pelvic outlet
- acute subpubic angle
- round obturator foramen
- closer together acetabulam
What are the features of the female pelvis?
- shorter and wider greater pelvis
- wider lesser pelvis
- wider and larger pelvic inlet
- wider pelvic outlet
- obtuse subpubic angle
- oval obturator foramen
- wider apart acetabulum that face more medially
Which structures form the anterior inferior wall of the pelvic cavities?
Bodies and rami of the pubic bones and the pubic symphysis
Which muscle occupies the lateral pelvic wall?
Obturator internus
Which muscle is present in the posterior wall of the pelvis?
Piriformis
Which nerve network lies on the muscle forming the posterior wall of the pelvis?
Sacral plexus
What is the perineal body?
Fibromuscular structure located in the midline of the perineum
What is the anococcygeal body?
Fibrous median raphe (fibrous band) that extends between the coccyx and the margin of the anus
What are the two major parts of the pelvic floor?
Levatator ani and coccygeus
What are the functions of the pelvic floor?
Support of the abdominopelvic viscera, resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/abdominal pressure and urinary/faecal continence
What is the innervation of the pelvic floor?
Pudendal n. (S2, 3& 4)
Which major artery supplies blood to the majority of the pelvic organs, perineum and gluteal regions (except testis, ovaries and upper part of the rectum)?
Internal iliac arteries
Which muscles are supplied by the obturator arteries?
Thigh adductors
Which veins drain the pelvic structures?
Internal iliac, superior rectal, median sacral, gonadal and internal vertebral plexus
Which parts of the rectum drain into the portal circulation?
Superior 2/3
Which part of the rectum drains into the systemic circulation?
Inferior 1/3
What is innervated by the ilioinguinal nerve?
In males: skin at the root of the penis
In females: labia
What structures in males are supplied by the genital branch of the genito-femoral nerve?
Spermatic cord and skin of the scrotum
Which autonomic nerves supply the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and epididymis in males?
Sympathetic fibres from L1/2 via the hypogastric plexus
Which autonomic nerves supply the female genital tract?
Pelvic and ovarian plexuses and parasympathetic nerve fibres from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2, 3 and 4)
Which autonomic nerves innervate the erectile tissue in both male and females?
Parasympathetic from S2, 3 & 4 via the hypogastric plexus
Where do the external iliac lymph nodes drain lymph from?
Inguinal nodes, bladder, external genitalia, vagina, cervix and body of the uterus
Where do the internal iliac lymph nodes drain lymph from?
Gluteal region, deep perineum and inferior pelvic viscera
Where do the sacral lymph nodes drain lymph from?
Posterioinferior pelvic viscera
Where do the common iliac lymph nodes drain lymph from?
Drainage from 3 main groups: external iliac, internal iliac and sacral
Name the internal male reproductive organs
Testis, vas deferens, seminal glands, prostate, epididymis and bulbourethral glands
Name the main contents of the spermatic cord?
Vas deferens, testicular artery and pampiniform plexus of veins
What is the tough outer fibrous layer of the testis called?
Tunica
What are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis called?
Visceral and parietal
What material is present between the two layers of tunica vaginalis?
Cavum vaginale
What is a hydrocele?
An accumulation of serous fluid
What is a haematocele?
An accumulation of blood
At what vertebral level do the testicular arteries arise from the abdominal aorta?
L2
Which structures do the testicular arteries cross before they travel through the inguinal canal?
Ureter and psoas major