Basic Physiology of the Reproductive System Flashcards
What is the function of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)?
It stimulates the secretion of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary
What is the function of FSH?
It stimulates follicular recruitment and development
What is the function of LH?
It maintains the dominant follicle, induces follicular maturation and ovulation and stimulates CL function
Where is oestradiol released from?
Granulosa cells
What are the functions of oestradiol?
- Supports female secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive organs
- Negative feedback control of LH and GnRH (except for latel follicular phase)
- Stimulates proliferative endometrium
- Negative control of FSH
Where is progesterone release from?
The corpus luteum
What is the function of progesterone?
Maintenance of secretory emdometrium and negative feedback control of HPO
How many oocytes are produced in every cycle of meiosis?
One (the other is a polar body)
Name the targets for oestrogen in the body?
CNS, anterior pituitary/hypothalamus, fat distribution, mammary gland, bone maturation/turnover and the uterus/cervix/vagina/fallopian tubes
What are the systemic effects of oestrogen?
Protein/carbohydrate/lipid metabolism, water and electrolyte balance and blood clotting
How many sperm are in every ml of semen?
20-200 million/m
How long does it take to produce sperm?
75 days
Name the target organs for testosterone and what are the effects?
- Skin: hair growth, balding and sebum production
- Brain: libido and mood
- Muscle: increase in strength and volume
- Kidneys: stimulation of erythropoietin production
- Bone Marrow: stimulation of stem cells
- Bone: accelerated linear growth closure of epiphyses
- Male Sexual Organs: penile growth, spermatogenesis, prostate growth and function
- Liver: synthesis of serum proteins
