reproductive anatomy Flashcards
What are the 4 parts of the uterus from superior to inferior?
Fundus – Distal portion, wider than cervix, tubes attach at cornu/horn
Body (corpus) – Largest, middle
Isthmus– Narrowing before cervix, most flexible
Cervix– Proximal, more fibrous, 2-3 cm long, internal/external os
what is another name for the uterus?
describe the uterus?
metro
Pear shaped
Between bladder & rectum
Hollow & muscular
Partially covered by peritoneum
Organ of gestation
What is the ~ length, width and AP of a uterus?
What makes the size vary?
length 5-8 cm, width 5 cm AP 3cm
age & parity, cycle, pressure from surrounding organs
What are the uterine size variations?
Fetus uterus = cervix
Infants uterus < cervix
Puberty uterus > cervix
Multiparous uterus >> cervix
Post menopausal uterus < cervix
what are the 3 layers of the uterine wall?
Serosal (Perimetrium) – Same layer as visceral peritoneum. Outer thin layer, surrounds everywhere except where bladder, cervix and vagina connect. covers uterus and reflects back at isthmus. hyperechoic.
Myometrium – Middle, small smooth muscle contractibility to move sperm in and bacteria out, ↑ during menstruation. Homogeneous, mid-level gray echogenicity or more hypoechoic.
Endometrium – Inner, mucosal lining continuous with epithelium in vagina and tube. Has layers. Highly vascular. Thickness & echogenicity vary depending on females age and menstrual cycle
what are the layers of the endometrium?
what layer surrounds the endometrium?
Stratum / zona functionalis
Thickness varies, sheds during menstruation
Stratum /zona basalis
Permanent and produces a new functionalis following menstruation
myometrium
What is this uterus displacement?
Retroflexion– Relating to cervix the uterine body bent posterior at isthmus
What is this uterus displacement?
Anteflexion – Relating to cervix the uterine body bent anterior at isthmus. Also common uterine position
What is this uterus displacement?
retrocession – entire organ is slumped posterior
What are these uterus diplacements?
right side displacements
Dextroverted /Dextroposition – Uterus displaced to the right of midline
Dextroflexed – Relating to the cervix the uterus is bent to the right of midline
What are these uterus displacements?
left side diplacements
Levoverted / Levoposition – Uterus displaced to the left of midline
Levoflexed – Relating to the cervix the uterus is bent to the left of midline
What is another name for the vagina?
Describe the vagina.
colpos
Muscular tube, 7-10 cm long
Has a Fornix – Space between vagina & cervix
Hypoechoic muscle with hyperechoic line is mucosa touching
what is the fornix of the vagina?
it surrounds the cervix
fallopian tubes
other name?
size?
function?
oviducts
7-12 cm long from cornu, through broad ligament to ovary
Fertilization takes place, peristalsis moves to uterus
fallopian tube (oviduct) segments
Cornua (cornu) / Intramural –Within uterine wall / muscle
Interstitial – Proximal tube
Isthmus – Hardest part, just lateral to uterus
*the cornua/intramural, interstitial are relatively the same area w/ 3 names.
Ampulla – Widest & longest part, where fertilization occurs
Infundibulum – Funnel-shaped, has fimbria attached, by ovary
What are teh 3 wall layers (oviduct layers) of the fallopian tube?
Serosal Outer Layer (Mesosalpinx)
Muscular Middle Layer (Myosalpinx)
Mucosal Inner Layer (Endosalpinx)
ovaries – shape, location, function, size, volume
Paired; Almond shaped
Intraperitoneal
Function: Produce ova and secrete hormones estrogen and progesterone
size varies with age (3 x 2 x 2 cm)
Volume is best (0.523 x L x W x AP)
Per HA mean volume is 9.8 cm3 (+/- 5.8 cc)
Per UIHC >10 cm3 is abnormal
UIHC Postmenopausal volume < 2 cm3
What are the 4 ovarian layers?
Germinal epithelium – Thin outer covering
Tunica albuginea – Thin white capsule
Cortex – Thickest part, primitive follicles here in various stages of dev.
Medulla – Middle inner part; Contains blood vessels, nerves, etc. no follicles
Describe the ovarian follicles and corpus luteum.
Follicles – Anechoic, thin walled, up to 5 cm
Corpus luteum – More complex, thick walled, up to 5 cm
