Fetal Pelvis & Skeleton Flashcards
when can you differentiate gender in fetus?
Similar up to the 7th week of development
Not fully differentiated until 12th week
what do Hormones induce for male/female?
Masculinization of the genitalia - Testosterone: Mesonephric / Wolffian duct (mostly male genital parts)
Feminization of the genitalia – Estrogen from placenta & fetal ovaries are involved gonadal ridge forms:: Paramesonephric / Műllerian duct (mostly female genital parts
9 weeks gender dev
12 weeks gener dev
what did the First Trimester Diagnosis of Gender study find?
Showed that the overall
success rate of gender
identification between 12
and 14 weeks was 80%
which is less than invasive
karyotypingw
what plane? what gender?
In the Transverse Plane
Male fetuses showed a dome shaped genital
swelling with a cephalicdirected phallus
what’s up w/ this fellows testis?
Male fetus prior to testicle descent
what do you see here? what plane?
In the Transverse Plane
Females had three or four parallel lines
representing the labia
what’s this?
female labia
what is needed for healthy gestation and to determine gender?
Sufficient amount of amniotic fluid
-to be over 22 weeks of age (the later the better, but not too late)
Fetus in a good position (Fetal position prevents good visualization of the perineum in 30% of fetuses (per Moore))
what can share gender info w/ Pt?
Experienced sonographer only
Sonographer needs wisdom to know:
The HUGE emotional impact on parents & family!!
When NOT to disclose (i.e. make sure both parents
want to find out & agree, no fetal anomalies, etc)
Department guidelines
Lawsuits have been filed for ‘wrong sex’
what can be confused w/ penis? scrotum?
Clitoris can be swollen (don’t
confuse with penis)
Labia can be swollen (don’t confuse
them with a scrotum) (top pic swollen, bottom not)
male early 2nd tri (testis not descended)
male - 40 weeks (testis both descended)
Testicles don’t descend until 3rd
trimester “more than 97% of fullterms
newborns have both testes in
the scrotum”Moore
Find the _____ then aim the ultrasound beam
between the legs, include ________ for
reference as appropriate
fetal bladder, pelvic bones & legs
how do you aim the beam and what can you use as a reference to see fetal genitilia?
The beam is aimed inferior to the fetal bladder
Femurs can also be used as a reference to get
image
(use it as a reference)
