Reproductive Flashcards
What secretes Oestrogen?
Ovaries and Placenta
8 functions of Oestrogen
- Genital growth
- Breast growth
- Follicle growth
- Endometrial growth
- Upregulates OESTROGEN, LH and PROGESTERONE receptors
- Inhibits FSH and LH through feedback mechanisms
- Stimulates PROLACTIN secretion and LH surge (which causes ovulation)
- Increases protein transport
What secretes Progesterone?
PACT
Placenta
Adrenal cortex
Corpus luteum
Testes
8 functions of Progesterone
- Maintains progesterone
- Produces cervical mucus
- Increases BODY TEMPERATURE
- Inhibits FSH and LH (like oestrogen does)
- Downregulates OESTROGEN receptors
- Increases ENDOMETRIAL GLAND secretion
- Increases SPIRAL ARTERY DEVELOPMENT
- Softens ligaments during pregnancy
What secretes FSH and LH?
Anterior Pituitary gland
5 functions of FSH
- Stimulates SERTOLI cells to produce ANDROGEN BINDING PROTEIN
- Stimulates SERTOLI cells to produce INHIBIN
- Stimulates SPERMATOGENESIS
- Stimulates OESTROGEN secretion
- Stimulate growth and maturation of OVARIAN FOLLICLE
3 functions of LH
- Stimulates LEYDIG cells to produce TESTOSTERONE
- LH surge causes OVULATION
- Results in formation of CORPUS LUTEUM
What secretes Testosterone?
Leydig cells of TESTES and ADRENAL CORTEX
5 functions of Testosterone
- Male secondary sexual characteristics
- Penile and MUSCULAR development
- Growth of SEMINAL VESICLES
- EPIPHYSEAL PLATE closure
- Differentiation of VAS DEFERENS, SEMINAL VESICLES and EPIDIDYMIS
What secretes Inhibin and what is the function of Inhibin?
- Secreted by Sertoli cells
- Inhibits FSH
SIX steps of Menstrual Cycle
1- Increased oestrogen levels cause ENDOMETRIAL PROLIFERATION whilst GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE matures
2- Increased oestrogen levels cause an increased expression of GnRH receptors
3- Increased oestrogen also causes LH surge which causes OVULATION around day 14
4- Corpus luteum secretes PROGESTERONE which maintains ENDOMETRIAL LINING for implantation
5- If there is no implantation, the corpus luteum REGRESSES so PROGESTERONE LEVELS decrease
6- Progesterone levels no longer maintain the endometrium so the endometrium is shed
What causes milk EJECTION and milk PRODUCTION
Milk Ejection- Posterior Pituitary produces OXYTOCIN
Milk Production- Anterior Pituitary produces PROLACTIN
3 Changes in Resp System during Pregnancy
Elevated diaphragm
Decreased expiratory reserved volume
Increased TIDAL VOLUME
4 Changes in Cardiovascular System during Pregnancy
- Decreased BP- progesterone decreases vascular resistance by increasing SPIRAL ARTERY formation
- Increased cardiac output
- Increased blood VOLUME as BP stimulates RAAS
-MAY see Raynaud’s phenomenon due to peripheral circulation constriction
4 Changes in Renal System during Pregnancy
INCREASED-
- Kidney size
- GFR
- UTI (due to dilated, elongated ureters)
- Frequency of urination