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physiology > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Defined by sex chromosomes

A

Genetic sex

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2
Q

Defined by presence of testes/ovaries

A

Gonadal sex

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3
Q

Defined by characteristics of internal genital tract and external genitalia

A

Phenotypic sex

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4
Q

Internal genital tract: males

A

Prostate, seminal vesicle, bas deferens, epididymis

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5
Q

Internal genital tract: females

A

FT, uterus, upper 1/3 vagina

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6
Q

External genitalia: males

A

Scrotum, penis

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7
Q

External genitalia: females

A

Clitoris, labia minora, majora & lower 2/3 vagina

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8
Q

Secreted by sertoli cells to cause atrophy of mullerian ducts

A

Antimullerian hormone

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9
Q

Secreted by leydig cells for growth of wolffian ducts

A

Testosterone

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10
Q

Which substance is suspected to initiate puberty?

A

Melatonin

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11
Q

What conditions may inhibit the onset of puberty?

A

Stress, Malnutrition

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12
Q

What is the first event in puberty?

A

Males: Testicular EnlargementFemales: Breast Enlargement

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13
Q

Which hormone causes adrenarche (pubic hair, axillary hair development) in females?

A

Adrenal androgens

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14
Q

For sperm production

A

Seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

For sperm maturation, motility

A

Epididymis

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16
Q

For sperm storage

A

Vas deferens

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17
Q

For sperm nutrition

A

Seminal vesicle

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18
Q

For semen alkalinity

A

Prostate gland

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19
Q

Supplies mucus

A

Urethral glands, Bulbourethral glands

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20
Q

Testes temperature

A

1-2 degree celsius cooler

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21
Q

Responsible for testes temperature

A

Countercurrent exchange testicular blood vessels

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22
Q

Duration of spermatogenesis

A

64 days

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23
Q

Sperm production per day

A

128 million

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24
Q

“Activation” of sperm in the female; Genital Tract for 4-6 hours

A

Capacitation

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25
Q

Enzyme that convert androstenedione to testosterone

A

17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

26
Q

Enzyme that convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

A

5alpha-reductase

27
Q

5alpha-reductase inhibitor used for male pattern baldness and BPH

A

Finasteride

28
Q

Cell which determines sex of the baby

A

Sperm cell

29
Q

Part of the cell that contains hyaluronidase, proteolytic enzymes

A

Acrosome

30
Q

Acrosome comes from which organelle

A

Golgi apparatus

31
Q

Definition of low sperm count

A
32
Q

Sequelae of Cryptorchidism

A

Infertility, Testicular cancer

33
Q

Loss of body hair, musculature, thick bones, decreased libido

A

Castration (after puberty)

34
Q

Vestigial remnant of 3rd eye; secretes melatonin which is involve in reproduction and sex drive

A

Pineal gland

35
Q

Ovum surrounded by single layer of granulosa cells

A

Primordial Follicle

36
Q

Provides nourishment to ovum; Secretes inhibiting factor to keep ovum in Prophase

A

Granulosa Cells

37
Q

Larger ovum, with more layers of granulosa cells; Develop the layer from ovarian interstitium

A

Primary Follicle

38
Q

Secrete estrogen & progesterone

A

Theca interna

39
Q

Becomes capsule of the follicle

A

Theca Externa

40
Q

1-1.5cm in size

A

Mature follicle

41
Q

Secreted by adrenal cortex and thecal cell

A

Estrone

42
Q

Secreted by ovaries

A

Estradiol

43
Q

Secreted by ovaries

A

Estriol

44
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes conversion of Androstenodione to Esteone and Testosterone to Estradiol

A

Aromatase

45
Q

Estrogen predominates

A

Follicular Phase

46
Q

Progesterone predominates

A

Luteal Phase

47
Q

Stromal and epithelial cells proliferate; thin, stringy, (+) ferning

A

Proliferative Phase

48
Q

Increased tortuosity of glands and blood vessels; thick, non-elastic, (-) ferning

A

Secretory Phase

49
Q

Due to cessation of Progesterone; (+) necrosis of endometrium, bleeding, desquamation

A

Menses

50
Q

Produced by ovarian granulosa cell and inhibits FSH secretion from ant pituitary

A

Inhibin

51
Q

Produced by ovarian granulosa cell and stimulates FSH secretion from ant pituitary

A

Activin

52
Q

Average age menarche, menopause

A

13yo & 45yo

53
Q

Number of lifetime mature follicles

A

400 follicles

54
Q

Peak of sexual desire

A

Just before ovulation

55
Q

Helps in fertility

A

Female orgasm

56
Q

Fertilized ovum implanting on uterus

A

Blastocyst

57
Q

Cells of the blastocyst that digests and liquefies the endometrium for invasion

A

Trophoblast

58
Q

Produced by Syncitiotrophoblast

A

Beta-HCG

59
Q

Produced by Fetal Adrenal Gland

A

Estrogen

60
Q

Promote growth of fetus; Growth hormone of pregnancy

A

Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS) aka Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)

physiology (12 decks)

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