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Medical Terminology Final Spring 2024 > reproductive > Flashcards

reproductive Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the primary male sex hormone?

A

testosterone

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2
Q

What is the primary male sex organ?

A

testis/testes

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3
Q

what is orch/o, orch/i, orchid/o?

A

testis/testes

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4
Q

What do the testes produce?

A

testosterone and spermatoza

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5
Q

What are “paired,” oval-shaped and enclosed in the scrotum?

A

testis/testes

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6
Q

What are about 900 coiled tubes within the testes where spermatogenesis occurs?

A

seminiferous tubules

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7
Q

What is spermatozoa?

A

sperm (in semen)

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8
Q

What is sperm/o? Spermat/o?

A

sperm

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9
Q

What is a microscopic male germ cell that produces a zygote (fertilized egg) when combined with an ovum?

A

sperm

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10
Q

What does a sperm plus an ovum create?

A

A fertilized egg called a zygote

(a gamete is unfertilized)

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11
Q

What does a zygote become?

A

An embryo

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12
Q

And/o

A

male

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13
Q

What is the principal male sex hormone that stimulates the dev of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair?

A

testosterone

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14
Q

What is the epididymis?
(epididym/o)

A

coiled tube attached to each testis that provides storage, transit, and maturation of sperm

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15
Q

What is the vas deferens (vas/o)?

A

duct/tube that carries sperm from epididymis to urethra

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16
Q

What are the seminal vesicles? (vesicul/o)

A

2 accessory glands located posterior to the base of the bladder that open into vas deferens; secrete a thick fluid that forms part of semen

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17
Q

What is the prostate gland? (prostat/o)

A

walnut-shaped gland that encircles proximal section of the urethra. prostate gland secretes fluid that aids in movement of sperm & ejaculation.

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18
Q

What is the semen?

A

semen is composed of sperm, seminal fluids, other secretions

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19
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

sac containing testes and corresponding epididymis, from which each vas deferens begins; scrotum is suspended on both sides of and posterior to penis.

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20
Q

What is the male organ of urine and coitus?

A

penis

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21
Q

What is the glans penis? (balan/o)

A

enlarged tip on the end of penis (head of penis)

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22
Q

prostatolith

A

stones in the prostate gland

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23
Q

balanitis

A

inflammation in the glans penis (head of penis)

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24
Q

orchitis

A

inflammation of the testes

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25
Q

prostatovesiculitis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles

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26
Q

prostatocystitis

A

inflammation of the prostate and bladder

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27
Q

orchiepididymitis

A

inflammation of the testis and the epididymitis

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28
Q

prostatorrhea

A

abnormal discharge from prostate gland

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29
Q

prostatic hyperplasia (benign)

A

excessive development in prostate gland that causes narrowing of urethra, which interferes with urine passage; symptoms incl: freq. of urination, nocturia, urinary retention, incomplete emptying of ballder

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30
Q

andropathy

A

disease specific to males only

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31
Q

anorchism

A

state of absence of testes (one or both)

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32
Q

balanorrhea

A

discharge from the glans penis (head of penis)

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33
Q

priapism

A

persistent abnormal erection

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34
Q

hydrocele

A

fluid filled sac around the testicle, causes scrotal swelling

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35
Q

phimosis

A

phimosis: tightness of the prepuce (foreskin of penis) that prevents retraction over plans penis (head); may be congenital or result from balanitis; circumcision is usual treatment

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36
Q

testicular torsion

A

twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased bloodflow;

often presents during puberty and is considered a surgical emergency due to lack of blood flow

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37
Q

varicocele

A

varicocele: enalrged veins of the spermatic cord; may cause scrotal swellign

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38
Q

At what age does prostate cancer usually occur?

A

middle-aged men and older

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39
Q

At what age does testicular cancer usually occur?

A

men 15-35 yr of age

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40
Q

mastitis

A

breast inflammation

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41
Q

permetritis

A

inflammation of the membrane on the outer surface of the uterus.

42
Q

oophoritis

A

inflammation in the ovaries

43
Q

salpingitis

A

salping = fallopian tubes
inflammation of fallopian tubes

44
Q

adenomyosis

A

occurs when the tissue that normally lines the uterus (endometrial tissue) grows into the muscular wall of the uterus. The displaced tissue continues to act normally — thickening, breaking down and bleeding — during each menstrual cycle.

45
Q

salpingocele

A

protrusion in the fallopian tubes/ herniation of a fallopian tube

46
Q

cervix

A

The lower, narrow end of the uterus (womb) that connects the uterus to the vagina (birth canal)

47
Q

fundus

A

the part of a hollow organ (such as the uterus or the gallbladder) that is farthest from the opening.

48
Q

corpus

A

The main body of your uterus. This is where a fertilized egg implants during pregnancy

49
Q

endometrium

A

inner lining of uterus

50
Q

what is an ovum also called?

A

A gamete ( a sex cell)

51
Q

fimbria (fimbriae)

A

an individual thread in a fimbria, especially a fingerlike projection at the end of the fallopian tube near the ovary.

52
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation

53
Q

hematosalpinx

A

accumulation of blood in fallopian tubes

54
Q

hydrosalpinx

A

accumulation of water in fallopian tubes / swelling

55
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

heavy irregular menstrual bleeding, is a condition in which prolonged or excessive uterine bleeding occurs irregularly and more frequently than normal

56
Q

menorrhagia

A

menstrual bleeding lasting more than 7 days

57
Q

metrorrhagia

A

vaginal bleeding outside of period

58
Q

myometritis

A

inflammation of the uterine muscle

59
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

scanty bleeding/blood flow

60
Q

perimetritis

A

inflammation of the membrane on the outer portion of the uterus

61
Q

pyosalpinx

A

pus in the fallopian tubes/acute inflammation/swelling

62
Q

fibrocystic breast changes

A

a common and benign change within the breast characterized by a dense irregular and bumpy consistency in the breast tissue

63
Q

colpoplasty (repair)

A

repair of vagina/plasty surgery

64
Q

colporrhaphy (suture)

A

a minimally invasive surgical procedure that repairs and strengthens the vaginal wall after a pelvic organ prolapse (POP)

65
Q

hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

A

surgical removal of uterus, oviducts, and ovaries.

66
Q

CA-125

A

A CA-125 test measures a protein called CA-125 in a sample of your blood. The results may show if treatment for ovarian cancer is working.

67
Q

pap test

A

The Pap test mainly checks for changes that may turn into cervical cancer. Cells scraped from the opening of the cervix are examined under a microscope. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus (womb) that opens at the top of the vagina. This test is sometimes called a Pap “smear” or “cervical cytology.

68
Q

colposcope

A

instrument used to visually examine vagina

69
Q

mammoplasty

A

breast surgery/repair

70
Q

hysterosalpingogram

A

rad img of uterus and fallopian tubes

71
Q

sonohysteropgrahy

A

a procedure to look at the inside of the uterus using sound waves

72
Q

laparoscopy p.435

A

Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure used to examine the organs in the belly (abdomen). It can also examine a woman’s pelvic organs. Laparoscopy uses a thin lighted tube that has a video camera. The tube is called a laparoscope.

73
Q

leukorrhea

A

white discharge

74
Q

mastalgia

A

breast pain

75
Q

mearche

A

first menstruation

76
Q

anovulation

A

lack of ovulation

77
Q

fistula

A

A fistula is an abnormal connection between two body parts, such as an organ or blood vessel and another structure.

78
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

79
Q

What is the medical term meaning, “partial excision of the vas deferens”?

A

vasectomy

80
Q

The term that means “inflammation of the uterine muscle” is:

A

endocervictis

81
Q

The “coiled duct, which provides for storage, transit and maturation of spermatozoa on top of the testes that carries the mature sperm” is the:

A

epididymis

82
Q

What is the medical term meaning “abnormal condition of growth of endometrial tissue in various areas of the pelvic cavity”? _________________

A

endometriosis

83
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the “male and female sex glands”?

A

gonads

84
Q

Which of the following options indicates the correct pathway of a sperm to the outside of the body?

A

seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra

85
Q

The term that means “inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles” is:

A

Selected Answer:
prostatovesiculitis

86
Q

The general term that refers to a “process that renders an individual unable to produce offspring” is:

A

sterilization

87
Q

After marrying a second time, the patient wanted to reverse the vasectomy he had several years before. The physician suggested the “creation of artificial openings between ducts”, or a _____.

A

vasovasostomy

88
Q

“Mastalgia” is defined as:

A

pain the breast

89
Q

The term that means “undescended testes” is:

A

cryptorchidism

90
Q

The term that means “excision of the uterine tube and the ovary” is:

A

salpingo-oophorectomy

91
Q

Which of the following terms means “absence of living sperm in semen”?

A

azoospermia

92
Q

Fertilization of the ovum, usually occurs in which of the following structures?

A

fallopian tube

93
Q

The term that means “incision into the prostate gland and bladder” is:

A

prostatocystotomy

94
Q

“Spermatogenesis” occurs in which of the following structures?

A

Selected Answer:
seminiferous tubules

95
Q

What is the medical term meaning,”creation of an artificial opening between the severed ends of the vas deferens”? ________

A

vasovasostomy

96
Q

blood in the uterine tubes

A

hematosalpinx

97
Q

rounded upper portion of the uterus

A

fundus

98
Q

“Egg cells” are stored in the:

A

ovaries

99
Q

matitis

A

inflammation of the breast

100
Q

Which of the following terms refers to “an abnormal passageway between two organs”?

A

fistula

101
Q

inflammation of the testis

A

proctitis

Medical Terminology Final Spring 2024 (14 decks)

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