endocrine system Flashcards
cortex (adrenal)
outer portion of adrenal glands
medulla (adrenal)
inner portion of adrenal glands
adrenal glands
paired glands, one located above each kidney; outer portion is adrenal cortex; inner portion is adrenal medulla;
epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted
parathyroid glands
4 small bodies embedded in posterior aspect of lobes of thyroid gland; PTH = parathyroid hormone is the hormone produced by glands, maintains cal levels
thyroid gland
largest endocrine gland; located anteriorly in the neck below larynx; secrets T3 T4 which require iodine for production
hypothalamus
keeps body in homeostasis; located above pit gland in brain; secrets hormones that stimulate or inhibit release of pit gland hormones
hyperkalemia
Excessive potassium in blood
acromegaly
a rare condition where the body produces too much growth hormone, causing body tissues and bones to grow more quickly
adrenalitis
inflammation of adrenal glands
adrenomegaly
enlargement of adrenal glands
endocrinopathy
disease of endocrine system
hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in the blood
hyperglycemia
excessive sugar in the blood
hyperparathyroidism
overactive parathyroid
hyperpituitarism
overactive pituiatry gland
hypocalcemia
not enough calcium in blood
hypokalemia
not enough potassium in blood
hyponatremia
not enough salt in blood
hypopituitarism
underachieve pit gland
panhypopituitarism
state of total deficient pit gland activity
parathyroidoma
tumor in the parathyroid gland
diabetes insipidus
DIT1
diabetes mellitus
DM
adrenalectomy
removal of adrenal gland
FBS
fasting blood sugar
DI
diabetes insipidus; result of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by posterior lobe of pit gland
excessive thirst, polyuria, and excess. water excreted from body
DM
diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of carbohydrate metabolism disorder caused by under-activity of insulin-producing islets of Langerhans and elevated blood sugar;
can cause chronic renal disease
Type 1 is autoimmune
Type 2 occurs in middle aged or elderly adults who are obsese
K+
potassium
Ca+
Calcium
Na+
sodium
syndrome
run together; signs and symptoms occurring together that make specific disorder
metabolism
Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates metabolic processes essential for normal growth and development as well as regulating metabolism in the adult
hormone
chemical substance secreted by endocrine gland carried in blood to target tissue
tetany
condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as a result of low calcium in blood caused by parathyroid deficiency
adrenopathy
disease of the adrenal gland
goiter
enlargement of thyroid gland; may be caused by autoimmune diseases of thyroid, iodine deficiency, or multiple nodules
adrenopathy
disease of adrenal gland
polyuria
excessive urination
polydipsia
excessive thirst
pituitary gland
in brain; secretes hormones to target organs; pea-sized at base of brain; a two lobed master gland that stimulates other endocrine glands
posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)
parathyroid glands
4 small bodies embedded in posterior aspect of lobes of thyroid gland; PTH helps maintain calcium levels
adrenal glands
cortex
medulla
gigantism
condition bought about by hypersecretion of GH by pit gland before puberty
thyrotoxicosis
condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones
parathyroidoma
tumor in parathyroid
polydispsa
excessive thirst
adrenocorticohyperplasia
excessive development of adrenal cortex
thyrotoxicosis
condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones
adrenopathy
disease of adrenal glands (swelling usually)
