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Medical Terminology Final Spring 2024 > endocrine system > Flashcards

endocrine system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cortex (adrenal)

A

outer portion of adrenal glands

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2
Q

medulla (adrenal)

A

inner portion of adrenal glands

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3
Q

adrenal glands

A

paired glands, one located above each kidney; outer portion is adrenal cortex; inner portion is adrenal medulla;

epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted

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4
Q

parathyroid glands

A

4 small bodies embedded in posterior aspect of lobes of thyroid gland; PTH = parathyroid hormone is the hormone produced by glands, maintains cal levels

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5
Q

thyroid gland

A

largest endocrine gland; located anteriorly in the neck below larynx; secrets T3 T4 which require iodine for production

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6
Q

hypothalamus

A

keeps body in homeostasis; located above pit gland in brain; secrets hormones that stimulate or inhibit release of pit gland hormones

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7
Q

hyperkalemia

A

Excessive potassium in blood

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8
Q

acromegaly

A

a rare condition where the body produces too much growth hormone, causing body tissues and bones to grow more quickly

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9
Q

adrenalitis

A

inflammation of adrenal glands

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10
Q

adrenomegaly

A

enlargement of adrenal glands

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11
Q

endocrinopathy

A

disease of endocrine system

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12
Q

hypercalcemia

A

excessive calcium in the blood

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13
Q

hyperglycemia

A

excessive sugar in the blood

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14
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

overactive parathyroid

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15
Q

hyperpituitarism

A

overactive pituiatry gland

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16
Q

hypocalcemia

A

not enough calcium in blood

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17
Q

hypokalemia

A

not enough potassium in blood

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18
Q

hyponatremia

A

not enough salt in blood

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19
Q

hypopituitarism

A

underachieve pit gland

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20
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

state of total deficient pit gland activity

21
Q

parathyroidoma

A

tumor in the parathyroid gland

22
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

DIT1

23
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

DM

24
Q

adrenalectomy

A

removal of adrenal gland

25
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

26
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus; result of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by posterior lobe of pit gland

excessive thirst, polyuria, and excess. water excreted from body

27
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of carbohydrate metabolism disorder caused by under-activity of insulin-producing islets of Langerhans and elevated blood sugar;

can cause chronic renal disease

Type 1 is autoimmune
Type 2 occurs in middle aged or elderly adults who are obsese

28
Q

K+

A

potassium

29
Q

Ca+

A

Calcium

30
Q

Na+

A

sodium

31
Q

syndrome

A

run together; signs and symptoms occurring together that make specific disorder

32
Q

metabolism

A

Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates metabolic processes essential for normal growth and development as well as regulating metabolism in the adult

33
Q

hormone

A

chemical substance secreted by endocrine gland carried in blood to target tissue

34
Q

tetany

A

condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as a result of low calcium in blood caused by parathyroid deficiency

35
Q

adrenopathy

A

disease of the adrenal gland

36
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of thyroid gland; may be caused by autoimmune diseases of thyroid, iodine deficiency, or multiple nodules

37
Q

adrenopathy

A

disease of adrenal gland

38
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

39
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

40
Q

pituitary gland

A

in brain; secretes hormones to target organs; pea-sized at base of brain; a two lobed master gland that stimulates other endocrine glands

posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

41
Q

parathyroid glands

A

4 small bodies embedded in posterior aspect of lobes of thyroid gland; PTH helps maintain calcium levels

42
Q

adrenal glands

A

cortex

medulla

43
Q

gigantism

A

condition bought about by hypersecretion of GH by pit gland before puberty

44
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones

45
Q

parathyroidoma

A

tumor in parathyroid

46
Q

polydispsa

A

excessive thirst

47
Q

adrenocorticohyperplasia

A

excessive development of adrenal cortex

48
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones

49
Q

adrenopathy

A

disease of adrenal glands (swelling usually)

Medical Terminology Final Spring 2024 (14 decks)

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